MANIA Flashcards
What is the definition of imperialism?
The policy of acquiring and controlling dependent territories carried out by the state
What did Lenin argue?
That a limited number of capitalist monopolies would inevitably lead to war
What 2 historians argues for imperialism being the main factor?
- Marxist historian Hobsbawm
* And Ludwig
Evidence of Imperialism?
What about the British Empire?
- By 1902, 90% of African land was under European control
* British Empire spread out across one quarter of the globe - “the sun never sets on Britain”
What became a euphemism for imperialism?
“The White Man’s Burden” (Kipling, 1899) - implied that World Powers had a moral duty to colonise and civilise territories
What Imperialist tensions existed before WWI?
- The Ottoman Empire (1912 - 13) - “The sick man of Europe” - power vacuum
- Morocco (1905 w/ French influence, 1911 w/ SMS Panther)
- Fashoda (1998)
What is the definition of Nationalism?
An extreme form of patriotism marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries
What historian argued that nationalism was a main cause?
Sydney Fay
What evidence of nationalism was there in France?
What about in Br + Germany?
- “Teachers must above all be told that their first duty is to make their pupils love and understand the fatherland” - The French Government in 1881
- There were youth organisations too: the Boyscouts in Britain and he Jungdeutschlandbund in Germany
What nationalist tensions existed at this time?
- First Balkan War (1912): nationalistic Balkan alliance, Austria and Russia-Serbia relations
- Second Balkan War (1913): Serbia had doubled in size -> nationalistic feeling -> assassination of FF on the 28th June 1914
What are 2 definitions of militarism?
- Excessive emphasis on military strength and ideals
* “The domination of the military man over the civilia” - German Army officer Alfred Vagts
What historian argued that militarism was a main cause?
Sydney Fay
What evidence of militarism was there in Germany from late 1800s to 1914?
- 1898: First German naval law planned for 17 new ships to be produced
- Between 1912-1914 there was a 62% increase in German soldiers
- March 1913: novelle to the Reichstag made to strengthen Army
- Wilhelm II wanted to retain his countries “place in the sun”
What evidence of militarism were there in other European countries from late 1800s to 1914?
- Britain built dreadnought in 1906
- Russia spent $435 million on a huge rearmament program after defeat in Russo Japanese War (1904-5) and was first to mobilise in the July crisis (30th July 1914)
- “gunboat diplomacy” - 1911 Moroccan crisis
- “splendid isolation” of Britain
What Alliances contributed to the outbreak of WWI?
- The Triple Alliance - Germany, Austria, and Italy (1882)
* The Triple Entente - Britain, France, and Russia -developed from the Franco-Russian Alliance (1907)
