M.A.N.I.A.

Question 1

Militarism

Answer 1

• Belief that Country should have a strong military, with the capability to use it aggressively to defend or promote itself at a moments notice
• Nations felt threatened by neighboring militarism, which spurred on their own military expansion, and this vicious circle continued across Europe (Arms race)
• Increased military power allowed empires to gain more colonies compared to their competition
• Armed force dominates national policy, glorification of war and military

Ex. H.M.S. Dreadnought, a very fast and powerful ship, German’s large army, British large navy

Question 2

All the different alliances

Answer 2

Triple Alliance: Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary

Triple Entente: Russia, France, Britain (treaty not alliance)

German and Ottoman Empire alliance

Balkans (Bulgaria & Serbia) aid with Ottoman Empire, Russia, and Austria- Hungary

Question 3

Entente and Alliance signed date

Answer 3

They were signed secretly in 1907 and 1882 respectively

Question 4

Consequence of Alliance and meaning

Answer 4

• If one nation was brought into a conflict, many more would be brought in as a result
• Signed treaties in which each nation pledges to defend one another if attacked by an aggressor

Question 5

Order of Events in War (8)

Answer 5

AH declares war on Serbia after Franz Ferdinand’s death
Germany pledges support for AH
Russia pledges support for Serbia
Germany declares war on Russia
France pledges support for Russia
Germany declares war on France
Germany invades Belgium on way to France
Great Britain supports Belgium, so declares war on Germany

Question 6

Nationalism

Answer 6

• Extreme pride in ones culture, language, history, country
• Believe their country is superior to others
• Identifying with their region or ethnic group rather than their ruling empires
• People joined military support country’s efforts to expand

Question 7

Nationalism in the Middle East

Answer 7

• Ottoman empire crumbling under nationalist pressure
• Syria was under Ottoman’s rule but started pushing for independence with British backing
• The Zionists in Palestine also pushed for independence with British backing
• Iran remained neutral but was occupied by the Ottomans, Russians, and British during various periods

Question 8

Imperialism

Answer 8

• Countries exhausted their own natural resources but were thirsty for more
• Began claiming land all over the word to gain more resources while expanding sphere of influence
• Stronger countries began using military to conquer large pieces of land in Africa especially
• Poland did not exist, because it was split between Germany, AH, and Russia
• Domination by one country of the political, economical, or cultural life of another country or region

Ex. Japan annexation of Korea in 1910 and parts of China
Philippines were under US rule after Philippine-American war of 1899-1902

Question 9

Assasination

Answer 9

• Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife (from Austria Hungary) is murdered in Sarajevo, Serbia/Bosnia
• Gavrilo Princip: Serbian nationalist from Sarajevo who killed Ferdinand working for the black hand
• AH presents Serbia with ultimatum to remove anti-AH propaganda as well as let them conduct their own investigations into the murder
• Serbia concedes to demands, but AH still declares war

Question 10

Crisis

Answer 10

• Breakdown of diplomacy, outbreak of violence, nations each commit to war
• The domino effect of countries committing to war is an example

Question 11

Balkan Crisis

Answer 11

• Large number of different regions and nationalities in the Balkans
• Romania, Bulgaria, Montenegro, and Serbia gain independence from Ottoman starting in 1877 to 1908
• Ottoman Empire was fragile and insecure from rapidly receding