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Mandibular Nerve Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

The largest division of the trigeminal nerve formed by the union of sensory and motor fibers

It includes the sensory (afferent) fibers and a small motor (efferent) bundle of fibers.

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3
Q

What type of fibers are derived from motor cells located in the medulla oblongata?

A

Motor (efferent) root fibers

These fibers are involved in sending signals from the central nervous system to the muscles.

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4
Q

What are the sensory (afferent) root fibers?

A

Peripheral extensions of unipolar sensory cells located in the semilunar ganglion

These fibers transmit sensory information to the central nervous system.

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5
Q

The mandibular trunk is a bundle of fibers that includes which types of fibers?

A

A large sensory (afferent) bundle and a small motor (efferent) bundle

This structure is crucial for both sensory and motor functions of the mandibular division.

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6
Q

True or False: The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve is the smallest division.

A

False

The mandibular division is actually the largest division of the trigeminal nerve.

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7
Q

What are the two groups into which the branches of the mandibular division may be divided?

A

The branches from the undivided nerve and branches from the divided nerve

The mandibular division is a part of the trigeminal nerve.

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8
Q

Where do the two roots of the mandibular division unite?

A

To form a short single trunk at the foramen ovale

The foramen ovale is an opening in the skull that allows nerves to pass through.

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9
Q

Where is the motor root of the mandibular division located?

A

In the middle cranial fossa

The middle cranial fossa is a depression in the base of the skull.

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10
Q

What muscles does the motor root innervate?

A
  • Muscles of mastication
  • Temporal muscle
  • Masseter muscle
  • Internal and external pterygoid muscles
  • Mylohyoid muscle
  • Anterior belly of the digastric muscle
  • Tensor veli palatini
  • Tensor tympani

These muscles are involved in chewing and other movements of the jaw.

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11
Q

What does the large sensory root arise from?

A

The semilunar ganglion

The semilunar ganglion is a sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve.

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12
Q

What areas does the sensory root supply?

A
  • Teeth and their gingivae
  • Anterior two thirds of the tongue
  • Scalp over the region of the temporal bone
  • Lower lip
  • External ear region
  • Parotid gland
  • Temporomandibular joint
  • Dura mater
  • Skin and mucous membrane of the chin and cheek

These regions are primarily responsible for sensation related to touch and pain.

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13
Q

True or False: The motor root of the mandibular division has no sensory functions.

A

True

The motor root is specifically responsible for innervating muscles, whereas the sensory root handles sensation.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The two roots of the mandibular division pass _______

A

side by side in dura of middle cranial fossa to the faramen ovale

This anatomical arrangement allows the roots to function together as they exit the ganglion.

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15
Q

What is the origin of the nervus spinosus?

A

Arises outside the skull

It passes into the middle cranial fossa to supply the dura and the mastoid cells.

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16
Q

What does the nerve to the internal pterygoid muscle innervate?

A

Intetnal pterygoid myscle, Palatini and tensor tympani muscles

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17
Q

What are the two parts of the trunk that separates from the divided nerve?

A

Anterior and posterior divisions

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18
Q

Describe the anterior division of the mandibular division.

A

Smaller than the posterior division; receives sensory and motor fibers

Supplies muscles of mastication, the mucous membrane of the cheek, and buccal gingivae and lower molars

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19
Q

List the branches of the anterior division.

A
  • Branch to external pterygoid muscle
  • Branch to masseter muscle
  • Branches to temporal muscles
  • Buccal (long buccal) nerve
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20
Q

What is the role of the pterygoid nerve?

A

Provides motor nerve supply to the internal pterygoid muscle

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21
Q

How does the masseter nerve traverse to enter the masseter muscle?

A

Passes above the external pterygoid to traverse the mandibular notch

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22
Q

What does the anterior deep temporal nerve innervate?

A

Deep part of the anterior portion of the temporal muscle

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23
Q

What is the pathway of the posterior deep temporal nerve?

A

Passes upward to the deep part of the temporal muscle

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24
Q

Describe the typical pathway of the buccal nerve.

A

Passes downward, anteriorly, and laterally between the two heads of the external pterygoid muscle

At the occlusal plane of mandibular second and third molars it ÷ many branches which ramifies on buccinator muscle
Send sensory fibers to cheek region

Others pass into retromolar triangle. Supplies to buccal gingiva and mucous membrane of buccal vestibule

Occasionally,it may supply second premolar and first molar of lower jaw.

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25
What is the main function of the larger posterior division?
Mainly sensory but also carries some motor components
26
Which nerves branch from the posterior division?
* Auriculotemporal nerve * Lingual nerve * Inferior alveolar nerve
27
What two roots comprise the auriculotemporal nerve?
Medial and lateral root
28
What does the auriculotemporal nerve embrace?
Middle meningeal artery
29
Where does the auriculotemporal nerve unite?
Behind the middle meningeal artery just below the foramen spinosum
30
Where does the auriculotemporal nerve pass after uniting?
Posteriorly, deep to the external pterygoid muscle, Between sphenomandibular ligament and neck of condyle of mandible.
31
What ligament does the auriculotemporal nerve pass between?
Sphenomandibular ligament
32
What gland does the auriculotemporal nerve traverse?
Upper deep part of the parotid gland or its fascia
33
With which artery does the auriculotemporal nerve pass in its upward course?
Superficial temporal artery
34
What areas does the auriculotemporal nerve provide branches to?
* Tragis of the pinna of the external ear * Scalp about the ear * Vertex of the skull
35
What type of fibers do each root of the auriculotemporal nerve receive?
Communicating fibers from the otic ganglion
36
What type of fibers are the communicating fibers from the otic ganglion?
Postganglionic, parasympathetic secretory fibers
37
From which nerve do the secretory fibers of the auriculotemporal nerve originate?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
38
What nerve does the glossopharyngeal nerve use to communicate with the auriculotemporal nerve?
Lesser superficial petrosal nerve
39
What do the communicating branches of postganglionic sympathetic fibers control?
Secretion of parotid
40
What are the branches of the auriculotemporal nerve?
Parotid, articular, auricular, meatal, terminal ## Footnote The auriculotemporal nerve divides into these branches as it innervates different areas.
41
What do the parotid branches of the auriculotemporal nerve provide?
Sensory, secretory, vasomotor fibers to the parotid gland ## Footnote The secretory fibers are postganglionic parasympathetic fibers, while the vasomotor fibers are sympathetic postganglionic.
42
What type of fibers do the articular branches of the auriculotemporal nerve contain?
Sensory fibers ## Footnote These fibers enter the posterior part of the temporomandibular joint.
43
What do the auricular branches of the auriculotemporal nerve supply?
Skin of the helix and tragus ## Footnote The anterior auricular branches are usually in number.
44
What is the function of the meatal branches of the auriculotemporal nerve?
Supply the skin lining the meatus and tympanic membrane ## Footnote There are usually two small branches.
45
What do the terminal branches of the auriculotemporal nerve supply?
Scalp over the temporal region ## Footnote These branches are the major part of the filaments of the auriculotemporal nerve.
46
What is the lingual nerve?
The smaller of the two terminal branches of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve ## Footnote It passes medially to the external pterygoid muscle. Lies btw int pterygoid muscle and ramus of mandible in pterygomandibular space Gives off small branches to inferior alveolar nerve Fibers pass thru tonsil and mucous memb of posterior part of oral cavity. Medial and anterior to inferior alveolar nerve passes deep to the side of tongue and lies below lateral lingual sulcus. Delayed from tongue by alveololingual groove Loops downward and medially beneath the submandibular duct
47
Where does the lingual nerve lie in relation to the inferior alveolar nerve?
Medial and anterior ## Footnote The lingual nerve lies parallel to the inferior alveolar nerve in the pterygomandibular space.
48
What sensory fibers does the lingual nerve provide?
Mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth and gingiva on the lingual surface of the mandible ## Footnote Occasionally supplies sensory fibers to bicuspids and first molar teeth.
49
What does the lingual nerve communicate with?
Chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve ## Footnote The chorda tympani conveys secretory fibers that control submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.
50
What happens to the secretory fibers from the chorda tympani?
They pass to the submandibular ganglion to synapse ## Footnote The secretory fibers to the sublingual gland join a small branch from the submandibular ganglion.
51
What is the inferior alveolar nerve?
The largest of the branches of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve ## Footnote It innervates the lower jaw and teeth.
52
What is the pathway of the inferior alveolar nerve?
It passes downward on the medial side of the external pterygoid muscle and the medial side of the mandibular ramus, entering the mandibular foramen.
53
Where does the inferior alveolar nerve distribute within the mandible?
It descends in the inferior alveolar canal and is distributed throughout the body of the mandible.
54
What branches does the inferior alveolar nerve give off within the inferior alveolar canal?
Branches to the mandibular teeth as apical fibers that enter the apical foramina of the lower teeth.
55
What is the function of the fibers from the inferior alveolar nerve?
To supply the dental pulps and distribute to the periodontal membrane of the lower teeth.
56
What happens to the inferior alveolar nerve at the mental foramen?
It divides into two terminal branches.
57
What is the role of the mental nerve?
Transmits sensory fibers to the skin of the chin and lower lip and to the mucous membrane lining the lower lip.
58
What does the incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve supply?
It forms a fine incisive plexus that supplies the cuspid tooth and the incisor teeth.
59
What is the mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar nerve?
A branch that contains sensory and motor fibers.
60
What muscles does the mylohyoid nerve supply motor fibers to?
* Mylohyoid muscle * Anterior belly of the digastric muscle
61
What are the autonomic ganglia associated with the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?
Submandibular and otic ganglia.
62
Describe the submandibular ganglion.
A small ovoid body suspended from the lingual nerve above the submandibular salivary gland.
63
What type of fibers originate in the submandibular ganglion?
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.
64
Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the submandibular ganglion originate?
In the superior salivatory nucleus in the medulla.
65
What is the chorda tympani nerve's role in relation to the submandibular ganglion?
It continues down and forward to join the lingual nerve and passes with it to the submandibular ganglion.
66
What happens to the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers upon entering the submandibular ganglion?
They synapse within the ganglion.
67
What is the length of most postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the submandibular ganglion and area of supply
They are short. Supply submandibular gland
68
What happens to Other parasympathetic fibers
They turn upward to rejoin the lingual nerve and reach the sublingual gland
69
The submandibular ganglion recieves postganglionic sympathetic fibers from which plexus
Plexus on external maxillary artery.
70
Otic gangion
* flattened ovoid body located in medial side of undivided mandibular division Below foramen ovale Infront of middle menibgeal artery 2 main roots # parasympathetic #sympathetic
71
Parasympathetic preganglionic secretory fibers of otic ganglion
Origin - inferior salivatory nucleus in floor of fourth ventricle in medulla Efferent pass by way of 9th CN thru jugular canal Below the canal these fibers leave the nerve at the petrosal ganglion in the tympanic nerve ( Jacobson's nerve) Pass to middle ear -Lesser superficial petrosal nerve emerges from the tympanic plexus -Passes on upper surface of petrous part of foramen ovale - this nerve is tge parasympathetic root In otic gangion, postganglionic fibers join the auriculotemporal nerve and together go to parotid gland
72
Sympathetic root of otic gangion
- made of postganglionic fibers which originated in superior cervical sympathetic gangion and plexus of middle meningeal artery - they pass uninterruptedly तो otic ganglion - postganglionic fibers + auriculotemporal nerve go to the parotid gland - sensory fibers from parotid gland pass by way of auriculotemporal nerve

Oral Surgery (2 decks)

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