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premolars > mandibular > Flashcards

mandibular Flashcards

1
Q

_______ premolars are more similar to each other than ______ premolars

A

maxillary, mandibular

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2
Q

which premolars from the facial view have a common appearance?

A

maxillary and mandibular

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3
Q

which mandibular premolars are always larger in the same mouth?

A

second mandibular

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4
Q

compare the roots of mandibular premolars to canine roots

A

both premolar roots are shorter than the canine root

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5
Q

describe the facial cusp of a mandibular premolar.

describe the lingual cusps

A

single, well developed

lingual

  • less developed
  • 1st: single lingual cusp
  • 2nd: 1 or 2 cusps, may develop from 4 or 5 lobes
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6
Q

which premolars show lingual convergence? lingual divergence?

A

lingual convergence:

  • mandibular 1st
  • 2 cusp mandibular 2nd

lingual divergence
- 3 cusp mandibular 2nd premolar

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7
Q

copare mandibular premolars to the mandibular anterior teeth

  • FL vs. MD dimensions
  • contact areas
  • cervical line
A

mandibular premolars:

  • FL > MD
  • broader contact areas
  • flatter cervical line
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8
Q

describe the mandibular first premolar, buccal view

  • bilateral symmetry?
  • shape of cusp
  • mesial ridge vs distal
  • vertical depressions
A
  • nearly symmetrical bilaterally
  • pointed cusp
  • mesial ridge shorter than distal
  • slight vertical deppresions
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9
Q

describe the buccal ridge on the mandibular first premolar

A

a ridge extending from the cervical third to the cups tips

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10
Q

describe the mandibular first premolar, lingual view

  • occlusal table slants
  • what is lingual cusp similar to?
  • lingual cusp vs facial cusp
A
  • occlusal table slants cervically
  • lingual “cusp” similar to a cingulum
  • lingual cusp shorter than facial
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11
Q

describe mandibular first premolar, lingual view

  • shape of cusp
  • mesiolingual groove
  • root
  • developmental depressions
A
  • pointed and centered lingual cusp
  • mesiolingual groove extends from the mesial fossa of the occlusal surface onto the mesiolingual surface
  • root more narrow on the lingual
  • mesial and developmental depressions are visible
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12
Q

describe the mandibular first premolar, proximal view

  • position of facial cusp tip
  • lingual cusp tip is _________ with lingual root ______
  • facial height of contour is in _____
  • lingual height of contour is in _____
A
  • facial cusp tip is centered over root
  • lingual cusp tip is IN LINE with lingual root OUTLINE
  • cervical third
  • lingual third
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13
Q

describe the mandibular first premolar, proximal view

  • triangular ridges, facial and lingual
  • angle of mesial marginal ridge
  • distal marginal ridge
  • mesiolingual groove
A
  • long facial, short lingual triangular ridges
  • mesial marginal ridge is at 45 degrees
  • distal marginal ridge is nearly horizontal and more coronally positioned
  • mesiolingual groove extends from the mesial fossa of the occlusal surface
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14
Q

describe the mandibular first premolar, occlusal view

  • shape of outline
  • shape of occlusal table
  • triangular ridges
  • what separates mesial and distal pits?
A
  • diamond shaped occlusal outline
  • triangular shaped occlusal table
  • long facial, short lingual triangular ridges
  • triangular ridges form transverse ridge which separates M and D pits
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15
Q

describe the mandibular first premolar, occlusal view

  • describe the mesial groove
  • shape of groove in distal fossa
  • position of central groove
A
  • mesial groove in the mesial fossa is continuous with mesiolingual groove
  • comma shaped groove in distal fossa
  • central groove is lingually positioned
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16
Q

why is the central groove lingually positioned?

A

due to the long triangular ridge of the buccal cusp

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17
Q

what type of cusps can be exhibited in a mandibular 2nd premolar

A

2 or 3 cusp

18
Q

what tooth does the mandibular 2nd premolar have similar qualities with?

A

mandibular molar

19
Q

compare the first and second premolar, buccal view

  • cusp
  • cusp ridges angulation
  • mesial cusp ridge
  • distal cusp ridge
  • cusp tip
  • distal cup notch more or less common
A

the second premolar:

  • shorter buccal cusp
  • cusp ridges show less angulation
  • mesial cusp ridge is shorter than distal cusp
  • cusp tip is more blunt
  • distal cusp notch more common
20
Q

compare the first and second mandibular premolars, lingual view

  • lingual lobes
  • amount of occlusal surface visible
A

the second premolar:

  • lingual lobes are more developed
  • less occlusal surface is visible
21
Q

describe the types of lingual cusps on a mandibular second premolar for the 2 and 1 lingual cusp types
- total cusps, developed from how many lobes

A

two lingual cusps

  • 3 total cusps
  • developed from 5 lobes

1 lingual cusp

  • 2 total cusps
  • developed from 4 lobes
22
Q

what is a distinguishing feature on a 3 cusp mandibular second premolar from the lingual view

A

3 cusp variety has a lingual groove between the 2 lingual cusps

23
Q

compared to the facial cusp on the mandibular second premolar, compare these from the lingual view

  • relative heights of mesiolingual cusps
  • relative heights of distolingual cusps
A
  • mesiolingual cusp tip is 1.5mm shorter than facial cusp

- distolingual cusp is about 2.0mm shorter than facial cusp

24
Q

on the second mandibular premolar, which cusp is wider, the mesiolingual or distolingual?

A

mesiolingual cusp is wider on the second mandibular premolar

25
Q

describe the second mandibular premolar

- position of buccal cusp tip to long axis of tooth

A
  • buccal cusp is facial to long axis

-

26
Q

compare 1st mandibular premolar to the 2nd

  • mesial marginal ridge
  • amount of occlusal surface seen
A

second mandibular premolar:

  • mesial marginal ridge is at right angles
  • shorter on second premolar
  • less occlusal surface may be seen
27
Q

compare first and second mandibular premolars

  • distolingual cusp visibility
  • mesiolingual developmental groove
  • root length
  • right surface…convex or concave, on which one?
A
  • distolingual cusp not visible on 2nd
  • no mesiolingual developmental groove on 2nd premolar
  • longer root on 2nd
  • 2nd root surface is slightly convex compared to 1st
28
Q

describe the mandibular second premolar, occlusal view with 3 cusps

  • shape it appears
  • definition of triangular ridges
  • presence of transverse ridge
  • developmental grooves
    • shape
    • position of central pit
    • fossae
  • which is larger…mesiolingual or distolingual cusp
A
  • appears square
  • well formed triangular ridges
  • NO TRANSVERSE RIDGE
  • developmental grooves:
    • Y shaped
    • central pit slighty distal
    • 3 fossae- mesial, central, distal
  • mesiolingual cusp is larger/longer
29
Q

does the 3 cusp mandibular 2nd premolar diverge or converge from buccal to lingual? the 2 cusp?

A
  • 3 cusp may diverge from buccal to lingual

- 2 cusp may converge

30
Q

describe the mandibular second premolar, occlusal view with 2 cusps

  • shape it appears
  • developmental grooves
    • types of shapes
    • fossae
  • position of lingual cusp
A
  • appears round
  • developmental grooves
    • most often: crescent (U) shaped
    • Possibly H shaped
    • mesial and distal fossae
      • may have mesial and distal pits
  • lingual cusp directly opposite buccal cusp
31
Q

list the percentages for number of canals for the mandibular first premolar. list the same for roots

  • one canal
  • two canal
  • three canal
  • one root
  • two roots
A
  • one canal: 74%
  • two canals: 25%
  • three canals: 1%
  • one root: 95%
  • two roots: 5%
32
Q

list the percentages for number of canals for the mandibular second premolar. list the same for roots

  • one canal
  • two canal
  • three canal
  • one root
  • two roots
  • three roots
A
  • one canal: 93%
  • two canals: 7%
  • three canals: 0.5%
  • one root: 98.5%
  • two roots: 1%
  • three roots: 0.5%
33
Q

which mandibular premolar has lobe depressions? a distal notch on the distal cusp ridge?

A

lobe depressions: 1st premolar

distal notch: 2nd premolar

34
Q

which mandibular premolar has a occlusal surface taper? which direction does it taper?

A

1st premolar, tapers to lingual

35
Q

compare the MMR angles of the 1st and 2nd mandibular premolars

A
  • 1st: 45 degrees

- 2nd: nearly horizontal

36
Q

which mandibular premolar has a mesiolingual groove?

A

first premolar

37
Q

between the 1st and 2nd mandibular premolars, which has a DMR that is more occlusal than the MMR?

A

1st premolar

  • in the 2nd, the DMR is more cervical than the MMR
38
Q

between the 1st and 2nd mandibular premolars, which has a smaller occlusal surface

A

first premolar

39
Q

how many cusps can there be on a first mandibular premolar? second?

A
  • first: 2 cusps

- second: 2 or 3 cusps

40
Q

which mandibular premolar does not have a transverse ridge?

A

3 cusp 2nd premolar

41
Q

compare lingual cusps of the 1st and 2nd mandibular premolars

A
  • 1st: single, cingulum like

- 2nd: 1 or 2 cusps

42
Q

between the 1st and 2nd mandibular premolars, which cusp tip is more pointed?

A

1st premolar

2nd is more blunt

premolars (1 decks)

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