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Business > Manangers, leadership and decision making > Flashcards

Manangers, leadership and decision making Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between a manager and a leader?

A
  • A manager is someone who tells you to do something
  • A leader is someone who inspires you to do something
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2
Q

What are the key features of a leader?

A
  • Looks to the future
  • Drives change and innovation
    -They have a vision
  • They’re inspiring and motivating
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3
Q

What are the key features of a manager?

A
  • Focuses on the present
  • They maintain the status quo (normal)
  • Implement decisions of others
  • Organise company resources
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4
Q

What is meant by delegation?

A
  • When someone assigns authority to others
  • Gives them the responsibility for a particular function, task or decision
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5
Q

What is meant by consultation?

A
  • Taking into account the views of employees lower down the heirarchy (they don’t necessarily have to use ideas and agree with their opinions)
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6
Q

What are the 4 key roles of a manager?

A
  • Setting objectives (targets to achieve)
  • Analyse business performance
  • Leading (communicating objectives and directing subordinates to achieve goals)
  • Making decision (allocating resources and handling day to day business activity)
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7
Q

What internal factors may impact on the style of leadership chosen?

A
  • The experience and expertise of the work force
  • The skills required for the work to be done
  • Personality traits of the leader
  • How much power is given to the leader
  • The time frame for the work to be done
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8
Q

What external factors may impact on the style of leadership chosen?

A
  • Political and legal environment
  • Economic environment
  • Social environment
  • Technological environment
  • The changing nature of the environment (market)
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9
Q

What are some qualities of a good leader?

A
  • Adaptable to different situations
  • Assertive
  • Decisive
  • Dependable
  • Dominant
  • Energetic
  • Persistent
  • Self-confident
  • Handles stress well
  • Willing to take responsibility
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10
Q

What is contingency/situational leadership?

A
  • They change the way they lead depending what is going on around them (depends on a particular situation)
  • They must have situational awareness
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11
Q

When are leaders most important?

A
  • During a crisis
  • When the business is changing (mergers, reconstructing, new directions etc…)
  • When industry is changing
  • When performace is declining
  • When difficult decisions must be made
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12
Q

What are the 4 leadership styles?

A
  • Authoritarian
  • Democratic
  • Paternalistic
  • Laissez-faire
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13
Q

What is paternalistic leadership?

A
  • A managerial approach that involves a dominant authority figure who acts as a patriarch or matriarch
  • They treat employees as though they are members of a large, extended family
  • The leader expects loyalty and trust as well as obedience from employees
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14
Q

When is paternalistic leadership suitable?

A
  • In a work environment when personal and social wellbeing is important
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15
Q

What are the advantages of paternalistic leadership?

A
  • Employees independence
  • Enhanced skills from workers
  • The employees will likely respect their leader
  • Greater loyalty from employees
  • Helps boost creativity and innovation
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16
Q

What are the disadvantages of paternalistic leadership?

A
  • Managers could be bias towards certain employees (different standards)
  • Some employees may feel less valued than others and this could be demotivating
  • Employees may become too dependent on their leader
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17
Q

How can a paternalistic leadership style be promoted in a workplace?

A
  • Good organisational skills
  • Be compassionate
  • Be decisive
  • Provide the correct resources
  • Empower employees
  • Equip employees
18
Q

What is authoritarian leadership?

A
  • A managerial approach in which leaders are very hands-on and decisions are usually made by them alone (they don’t consult anyone else)
  • This means there is less freedom, creativity and innovation
19
Q

When is authoritarian leadership suitable?

A
  • For leaders who struggle with other leadership styles
  • Usually used by young and insecure people who are affraid of losing power
  • Also during a crisis when decisions need to be made quickly
20
Q

What are the advantages of authoritarian leadership?

A
  • It provides clarity and efficiency especially in smaller organisations
  • Helpful to respond to external changes quickly
  • Creates a simple workplace
  • Allows a leader to carry out visions
  • Helps enhance productivity
  • Communication flows down the heirarchy
21
Q

What are the disadvantages of authoritarian leadership?

A
  • Can lead to abuse of power and corruption within the workplace
  • Could result in a toxic work environment
  • May result in demotivated employees
  • Employees can’t contibute their ideas
  • Can create unnecessary stress and pressure for the CEO (the control could be overwhelming)
  • Absenteeism may be high
22
Q

How can an authoritarian style of leadership be promoted?

A
  • Have strict control in the workplace
  • Have high levels of delegation
  • Encourage communication down the heirarchy
  • Have a vision-oriented environment
  • Set out clear goals and objectives
  • Focus on main goals to be achieved
23
Q

What is laissez-faire leadership?

A
  • A managerial approach in which leaders are hands-off and allow members of the workforce to help in decision making
  • They leader is layed back and employees have more freedom to express their creativity
24
Q

When is laissez-faire leadership suitable?

A
  • For a work environment where the leader feels as though the employees can do their job well and be independent in doing so
25
Q

What are the advantages of laissez-faire leadership?

A
  • Encourages personal growth and motivation amongst employees
  • Helps employees to learn and develop new skills
  • Encourages innovation
  • Employees can achieve personal goals
26
Q

What are the disadvantages of laissez-faire leadership?

A
  • It can create confusion about where the power lies
  • Too much independence can lead to isolation and may affect employees ability to work in a team
  • Lack of accountability from the leader (they may not accept any responsibility)
27
Q

How can a laissez-faire leadership style be promoted?

A
  • Hire experienced employees
  • Be a relaxed leader
  • Give employees space to let their creativity flow
28
Q

What is democratic leadership?

A
  • A managerial approach where the leader encourages the workforce to participate in the decision-making process
  • Leaders discuss issues with workers, they delegate responsibilities and listen to employees advice
  • They have to be good at communicating
29
Q

When is democratic leadership suitable?

A
  • When leaders have a lot of confidence in their workforce
30
Q

What are the advantages of democratic leadership?

A
  • Allows the input of employees who have relevant skills and knowledge
  • Helps creativity and innovation
  • Can improve employee morale
  • Helps with a productive workforce
  • Results in better quality decision making
  • Encourages teamwork
  • Higher staff retention
31
Q

What are the disadvantages of democratic leadership?

A
  • Not good for when fast decisions need to be made
  • Can be unclear where the power lies
  • If failure occurs it is difficult to know where to place the blame
32
Q

How can a democratic leadership style be promoted?

A
  • Encourage teamwork and creativity
  • Welcome new ideas
  • Encourage discussion
  • Employ people with relevant skills
33
Q

What is the Tannenbaum Schmidt continuum?

A
  • A leadership model based on a spectrum between two extremes of manager centred and subordinate centred approaches
  • It recognises that leaders are unlikely to be at either extreme but somewhere along the spectrum
34
Q

What is a subordinate?

A
  • Someone of a lower rank within an organisation
  • They are under the authority of a superior
35
Q

What is meant by delegation?

A
  • Giving an employee the authority/permission to carry out a certain task or role
  • However the responsibility still lies with the manager or leader, so must trust their employee to do what is asked of them correctly
36
Q

Describe number 1 on the Tannenbaum Schmidt continuum

A
  • The manager/leader tells their employees what to do
  • The manager makes and announces decisions
    -The manager uses their authority
  • There is little freedom for subordinates
  • The leader takes an authoritarian style of leadership
37
Q

Describe number 2 on the Tannenbaum Schmidt continuum

A
  • The manager/leader tells their employees what to do
  • They try to sell their decisions to employees and win them over but they still have full control
    -The manager uses their authority
    -There is little freedom for subordinates
  • The leader takes a paternalistic style of leadership
38
Q

Describe number 3 on the Tannenbaum Schmidt continuum

A
  • The manager consults with their employees
  • The manager presents decisions with ideas and invites questions
  • The manager still holds a lot of authority
  • The subordinates have some freedom and can ask questions about decision making
  • The final decision lies with the leader/manager
  • The leader takes a paternalistic stlye of leadership
39
Q

Describe number 4 on the Tannenbaum Schmidt continuum

A
  • The manager consults with their employees
  • The manager suggests provisional decisions but invites discussions
  • Subordinates have some freedom
  • Managers have moderate authority
40
Q
A

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