managing people

Question 1

2 approaches to staffing

Answer 1

as an asset - a resource that needs investment

as a cost - view staff as any other expense

Question 2

multiskilling is

Answer 2

training employees so they can do several jobs

Question 3

part time is

Answer 3

hours suited to times of high demand

Question 4

temporary staff are

Answer 4

employed in specific time prior of high demand

Question 5

flexible hours are

Answer 5

staff vary their hours to the needs of the business and themselvs

Question 6

zero hour contract

Answer 6

no guaranteed hours

can match when theres high demand

Question 7

home working is

Answer 7

doing work from home

staff may be less productive

Question 8

outsourcing is

Answer 8

finding another business to provide a service

Question 9

a dismissal is

Answer 9

when made to leave due to disatisfaction with performance

may have broken a clause in their contract

Question 10

redundancy is

Answer 10

having to leave because their job is no longer required

business has to pay compensation for loss f earnings

Question 11

individual approach to managing relationships

Answer 11

business and employee negotiate terms and conditions or employment

Question 12

bargaining (2 approaches to managing relationships)

Answer 12

individual approach

collective bargaining

Question 13

collective bargaining approach to managing relationships

Answer 13

business negotiates with representatives like trade unions

Question 14

on the job training Is

Answer 14

trained while carrying out activity
usually in workplace
cost effective
may not be thorough or pick up bad habits

Question 15

off the job training is

Answer 15

trained away from job at different location
offers wide range of skills and qualifications
high quality training

Question 16

hierachy is

Answer 16

the levels of management

shows the chain of command

Question 17

span of control is

Answer 17

number of employees working directly under the manager

can be wide or narrow

Question 18

wide span of control

Answer 18

employees have greater decision making power
may improve job satisfaction
manager has a lot of stress

Question 19

narrow span of control

Answer 19

employees have less decision making powers
managers supervise small numbers
better control in activities
may lead to de motivation

Question 20

centralisation of an organisation

Answer 20

decision making kept at centre not passed to individual stores
little flexibility to local tastes

Question 21

decentralisation of organisation

Answer 21

business places authority with operating units e.g. stores

local managers allowed to make decisions

Question 22

tall organisational structure

Answer 22

many levels of hierarchy
narrow span of control
slow decision making and communication

Question 23

flat organisational structure

Answer 23

few levels of hierarchy
wide span of control
quicker communication and more productive

Question 24

delegation is

Answer 24

employees given more authority

Question 25

matrix structure is

Answer 25

individuals working across teams as well as their own department
breaks down barriers and encourages sharing ideas

Question 26

4 motivational theories

Answer 26

Taylor
mayo
maslow
herzberg

Question 27

Taylor motivational theory

Answer 27

scientific management
motivated by money
piece rate = amount paid for each task done
treated employees like machines

Question 28

mayo motivational theory

Answer 28

human relations theory
motivated by money and social needs
encourages managers to take greater interest in employees
encourage teamwork

Question 29

Maslow motivational theory

Answer 29

hierarchy of needs (from bottom to top)
physical needs
safety needs
social needs
esteem needs 
self actualism

Question 30

herzberg motivational theory

Answer 30

two factor theory
motivators e.g. responsibility, achievement
and hygiene factors (significant if something is wrong)
money is not a motivator

Question 31

5 financial incentives for performance

Answer 31

piecework
commision
bonus
profit share 
performance related pay

Question 32

7 non financial incentives for performance

Answer 32

delegation
consultation
empowerment (given official authority)
team working
job rotation
job enrichment (given greater responsibility)
job enlargement (given more work