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CompTIA Linux > Managing Paritions and the Linux Filesystems > Flashcards

Managing Paritions and the Linux Filesystems Flashcards

1
Q

What is filesystem?

A

It is a method that is used by an OS to store, retrive, organize and manage files and directories on mass storage devices. It maintains information, such as the date of creation and modification of individual files, their file size, file type and permissions. It also provides a structured form for data storage.

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2
Q

What is filesystem labels

A

They are assigned to filesystems for easy identification. The labels may be up to 16 char long .

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3
Q

How can filesystem labels be displayed or chanaged?

A

e2label command

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4
Q

What is partition

A

It is a section of the hard disk that logically acts as a seprate diesk. Paritions must be formatted and assigend a filesystem before data can be stored on it.

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5
Q

How are paritions identified

A

Using partition table

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6
Q

Where is partition table stored

A

In boot record

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7
Q

What is the max number of partitions a partition table contain

A

four

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8
Q

What are recommended size specs for parition

A

/ Min 1 GB, /boot 100MB, swap double Ram, /var Min 250MB. /home depends on number of users

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9
Q

What is fdisk Utility?

A

It is a menu driven utility program that is used for creating, modifiying or deleting partitions on disk drive.
fdisk device_name. fdisk is only used with MBR

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10
Q

What is fstab file?

A

It is a configuration file that stores information about storage devices and partitions and where and how the partitions should be mounted. It is located in /etc directory. It can be edited only by a root user.

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11
Q

What is mkfs?

A

It is used to build a Linux filesystem on a device.

mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hda6

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12
Q

what is mke2fs?

A

It is used to create ext2, ext2 and ext4 fileysstems.

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13
Q

How is device recognition is performed

A

By MBR at system startup by recognizing the hard disk and all partiions on it.

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14
Q

What are the components of MBR that helps in detection

A

Master Parition table which contains the list of partitions on the hard disk. The master boot code which contains the program for loading the operating system on the hard disk. This program in loaded to initate the boot process

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15
Q

What is parition Management

A

It is the process of creating, destroying and manipulating partitions to optimize system performance.

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16
Q

What are the tools for parition Management

A

sfdisk, GNU parted, gdisk and partprobe

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17
Q

What is sfdisk Utility?

A

It is used to manipulate partitions. It manages partitions by listing hte number of partitions and their sizes, checking hte partitions and repartioning a storage device.

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18
Q

What is GNU parted Utility?

A

It is used to manage parition. It is particularly useful when creating partitions on new hard disks. It can be used to create, destroy and resize partitions. It can be used with MBR,GPT, Apm, BSD disk labels. It measures disk space in MB rather than cylinders. Supports dyynamic partition resizing.

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19
Q

What is gdisk Utility.

A

It is used to manipulate disk partition. It manages paritions in the newer GUID Parition table format by listing the number of paritions and their size, checking hte paritions and repartitioning a storage device

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20
Q

What is partprobe

A

It is a program used to update the kernel with changes in the parition tables. The program first checks the partition tabel and if there are any changes, it automatically updates the kernel with the changes

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21
Q

How to find out the the type of file

A

file options file name

22
Q

What are types of files

A

Dir(d), special files (b or c), Links(l), domain sockets(s) named pipes(p)

23
Q

What is filesystem Hierarchy standard

A

It is a collaborative document that specifies a set of gudelines for the names of files and directories and their location.

24
Q

Why is FHS important

A

By implementing the guidelines of the FHS it include compativility betweent he systems that FHS compliant and restriction on users chnaging the /user partition that contians common executable files.

25
Q

What are some of common linux dir

A

/boot, /bin, dev, etc, lib, sbin, usr, var, tmp,opt, mnt,media

26
Q

What is boot

A

Stores the files necessary to boot the Linux OS

27
Q

What is bin

A

stores essential command line utilities and binaries

28
Q

what id ev

A

it stores hardware and software device drivers. It maintains filesystem entries that represent the devices connected to the system

29
Q

what is etc

A

it stores basic config files

30
Q

what is lib

A

it stores shared program libaries required by the kernel, CLI and binaries

31
Q

what is sbin

A

it stores binaries that are used for completing the booting process and aslo the ones used by the root user

32
Q

what is usr

A

stores small programs and files accessible to all users

33
Q

what is var

A

stores system log files, printer spools and some networking services

34
Q

what is tmp

A

It stores temporary files

35
Q

what is ipt

A

it stores files of large software packages.

36
Q

what is mnt

A

it is the mount point for temp mounting data from locations such as floppy disk, CDs, DVds and network partitions

37
Q

what is media

A

it allows access to temporarty and removable filesystems susch as CD and floppy disks

38
Q

What are dir in /usr

A

bin which indludes exe programs , local which indluces custom build applications that are stored by default, lib which indludes object libaries and internal binaries, lib64 which serves the same purpose as lib but for 64 bit systesm, share which indlues read-only architecture indepedent files

39
Q

How to access parent directory

A

..

40
Q

What is mount point

A

Once a disk is partitioned, an OS must have some way to access the data on the paritions. It is an access point to information stored on a local or remote storage device. The mount point is typically an empty directory on which a file system is loaded, or mounted to make the filesystem accessible to users.
Example, three paritions root, home an usr. If home contains user home directories such as sally, the directories will be accessible as home/sally once the parition is mounted at /home

41
Q

What is a swap space

A

It is a partition on the hard disk that is used when the system runs out of physical memory. Linux pushes some of the unused files from the RAM to the swap space to free up memory.

42
Q

What are the swap type

A

Device swap, filesystem swap , pseudo-swap

43
Q

Explain the purpose of each swap type

A

Device swap is configured when you partition the hard disk. It is used by the OS to run large applications. The filesystem swap is configured primarily when you install Linux. It is utilized by the OS as an emergecny resource when the avaliable swap space runs out. The Pseudo-swap spacke allows large applications to run on computers with limited RAM

44
Q

What are Swap Files

A

They are created for storing data that is to be transferred from a system’s memory to disk.It is dynamic and changes in size when data is moved in and out of the memory. It is used as a medium to transfer data from RAM to the hard disk

45
Q

What is Swap partions

A

It is an area of the virtual memrory on a hard disk to complement the physical RAM in the computer. Swap partitions are created by Linux because they perform better than swap filessytems

46
Q

What is the command used to create swap space

A

mkswap

47
Q

How to manage swap parition

A

swapon which is used to activate a swap partition on a specified device. swapof to deactivate

48
Q

Why partition

A

For security purpose, filesystem choice, disk space management, disk error protection and backup

49
Q

What is GUID Partiotion Table(GPT)

A

It supports 128 primary partitions and max disk size 8ziB and no need for extended or logical partitions

50
Q

What is LVM (logical Volume Manager)

A

It allow grated control over storage and disk management by resize your partitions without worrying about the positions or size of surrounding partions Some of the commands are pvcreate, pvdisplay vgcreate, vgdisplay, lvcreate and lvdisplay

51
Q

What are the types of filesystem

A

ext2fs, ext3fs(has journal which helps with recovery),ext4fs(add the ability to work with very large disk), reiserfs( good at handling filesystems with large numbers of small files, btrfs is to handle large filesystem, Non-native filesystems, FAT,NTFS,ISO

CompTIA Linux (3 decks)

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