Managing in Developing Countries Flashcards
What are the main exports of Brazil?
- Cattle
- Soybeans
- Crude Oil
- Sugar
What are some reasons for deforestation in Brazil?
- New development
- To clear soil
- Rubber monopoly
Why is infrastructure important for Brazil?
It is essential for exporting business material.
What is Brazil’s rank in terms of market size?
7th largest market
What factors have led to Amazon being outcompeted in Brazil?
- Using an American model
- Cultural differences (timing, promptness, collectivist, relationship-based)
What actions has Amazon taken in Brazil?
- Invested
- Built partnerships
- Established delivery points
What are some challenges faced by businesses in Brazil?
- Competition from Mercado Libre
- Security issues
- Lack of addresses and roads
- Poor internet coverage
- Unbanked population
- Sustainability issues
- Tariffs (10-35%)
- Tax complications
- Bribery
What are institutional voids?
Areas where companies are not performing well.
What are some characteristics of developing countries?
- Poor ease of doing business
- Low human development index (HDI)
- State-owned enterprises
- Informal sectors
- High unemployment
- Volatile markets
What demographic characteristics are common in developing countries?
- Higher birth rate
- Younger population
- Lower life expectancy
- Brain drains
What infrastructure issues are prevalent in developing countries?
- Poor quality building codes
- Insufficient transportation networks
- Low number of ports
- Security issues
What is the impact of colonialism on economic inequality?
Colonialism has shaped economic inequality through historical processes and has led to extractive institutions in many regions.
What are some effects of colonialism on development in colonies?
- Heterogeneous effects on development
- Creation of inclusive vs extractive institutions
- Influence of disease environment on colonial society
What is the M-form in organizational structure?
A multidivisional structure where a parent company oversees several semi-autonomous divisions.
What are some distinctive responses of emerging markets to historical challenges?
- Importance of entrepreneurship
- Role of immigrants and diaspora
- Engagement with social responsibility
What does the United Nations report say about infrastructure in developing countries?
Infrastructure investment should link to integrated economic reforms for prosperity.
What is the importance of effective stakeholder engagement in infrastructure projects?
It must be a two-way process, inclusive, and free of external manipulation.
What are nature-based solutions in infrastructure management?
They help improve resilience and can be cost-effective.
What is meant by ‘infrastructure as a service’?
Infrastructure should be viewed as a networked service that supports economic, social, and environmental needs.
What is the significance of resilience in infrastructure?
Investing in resilience pays off, especially in the context of climate change.
What is the focus of the Blood Bananas case study?
Utilitarianism and who benefits from the value generated (villagers or employers).
Fill in the blank: The ease of doing business in developing countries is often ______.
poor
