Managing Ecosystems in Protected Areas Flashcards
What are the benefits of conservation easements?
- Drastically cheaper to purchase certain rights to land rather than the actual land
- More land protected per dollar than outright purchase
- Avoid costs and conflicts of seizing properties outright
- Landowner often relieved of significant tax burden
About how many acres in the United States are protected through conservation easements granted to The Nature Conservancy?
3.2 Million
3 Reasons why parks fail:
- “Paper parks” - have no staff, administration, budget, or infrastructures.
- Fail to resist the pressures of ongoing development around them.
- Fail to balance use versus protection of species.
Indigenous People often possess… which includes…
a strong conservation ethic which includes:
- Cooperation
- Family bonding and cross-generational communication
- Concern for the well-being of future generations
- Local-scale, self-sufficiency, and reliance on local rights to lands, which tend to be collective and inalienable
- Restraint in resource exploitation and respect for nature, especially sacred sites
What is TEK?
Traditional Ecological Knowledge is a complex basis for decisions about:
- Natural Resource Management
- Nutrition and food preparation
- Health
- Education
- Community and Social organization
Successful parks are usually under the watchful eye of…
a committed and charismatic individual who devotes years, even decades, to a single park.
Successful parks usually have…
a simple research station that generates critical knowledge about the parks wildlife and management needs.
Privatization
Protected areas in the forms of private reserves and park management contracts.
Indigenous People today
- Land rights of indigenous people are beginning to be recognized in a growing number of countries
- Their reserves account for 20% of the Brazilian Amazon
Threats to protected areas
- Civil strife & social instability
- Tendency of support organizations to pull out of any country immediately when the security of an expatriate personnel could not be guaranteed
“Working landscapes”
AKA the "triad approach" A mosaic of: - strictly protected areas - extractive reserves - intensive production areas (both agriculture and industry)
The “triad approach”
- Strict protected areas surrounded by extractive reserves where wildlife and other renewable resources can be harvested sustainably.
- Strict protected areas act as “sources” of wildlife to allow sustainable hunting in the contiguous extracted reserves.
- System to enforce regulations in place to avoid overexploitation by outsiders.
- System of co-management between local communities and technical advisors is needed.
90% of the marine reserves studied have a _______ ________ ________ than the fished areas
greater fish biomass
World heritage site which is one of the largest marine reserves in the world
Galapagos Marine Reserve
Stakeholders
Entities that have an interest in a project, usually important in the success/funding of the project. Good to have early on.
Zoning
Reflects the understanding that the protected and unprotected areas are interrelated.
Two types of zoning:
Extractive & Non-Extractive Use
How would you develop participatory management programs in marine reserves?
- Establish a secure legal and institutional framework
- Develop a marine reserve management plan and supplementary plans for specific resources
- Empower stakeholder groups by developing capabilities, communication, and understanding of the management system
How would you strengthen the capability of management authorities in marine reserves?
- Develop effective regulations and procedures and ensure that the law is applied
- Build GNPS capabilities in control, patrolling, and judicial procedure
- Develop collaboration on law enforcement with the Navy, government bodies, and stakeholder organizations
- Develop the capabilities of the GNPS in marine management and of the CDF in marine research
Location of reserves are often not…
aligned with species rarity/diversity.
