Managing and Processing z/OS Data Flashcards
Name that acronym
I/O
Input/Output
Input/Output
Any communication between a computer and external devices
Name that acronym
CSS
Channel Subsystem
True or False, the channel subsystem is used by all mainframe-based operating systems?
True - This is used by all mainframe-based operating systems, including z/OS, Linux on IBM Z, and z/VSE.
Channel subsystem
The Channel Subsystem is separate from normal mainframe processing; with separate processors - CPUs called Special Assist Processors (SAPs) - and memory.
True or False
The channel subsystem can be seen by normal z/OS programs?
False - The Channel Subsystem cannot be seen by normal z/OS programs
True or False
The channel subsystem can be used by non-IO processes
False - It cannot be used for anything except I/O.
When would a channel subsystem be used?
If a z/OS task or process needs to perform I/O
How do channel subsystems connect to external systems?
Using channel cables
What type of channel cables to modern mainframes use?
FICON and IBM zHyperLink Express
Name that acronym
FICON
Fibre channel connection
IBM zHyperLink Express
Short distance connections
IBM zHyperLink Express - Max distance
492 feet, or 150 meters
IBM zHyperLink Express - Data rate
8GB/s
How many types of FICON channels are there?
Two
What are the FICON channel types?
CCW and Coupling Channels
What are coupling channels for?
To connect z/OS systems together or with a coupling facility
Name that acronym
CPC
Central processor complex
central processor complex
The mainframe ‘box’ that includes the physical collection of hardware
What is a CPC also known as?
Central electronics complex (CEC)
What must be done before an external device can be used with z/OS
It must be defined to both the channel subsystem and /zOS
What tool is used for adding an external device to z/OS
The hardware configuration dialogue (HCD)
Name that acronym
HCD
Hardware configuration dialogue
In what application can the HCD be found?
ISPF
True or false
Channel subsystems have dedicated memory?
True
True or False
All I/O processing is performed in control units, or controller, that are separate from the mainframe.
False
True or False
The channel subsystem uses the same CPU processors and memory as normal processing.
False
True or False
Once the channel subsystem has completed an I/O request, it interrupts normal processing so that the task requesting the I/O can continue.
True
True or False
All I/O processing is performed by the channel subsystem.
False
True or False
Today, control units and controllers are no longer separate equipment; they are included in the disk, tape, printer, and network subsystems.
True
Used to connect to an external tape subsystem
CCW
Used to connect to an external DASD subsystem
CCW
Used by z/OS to connect to another z/OS system on another CPC
Coupling
Used by z/OS to connect to another z/OS system on the same CPC
Internal coupling
Used to connect to a coupling facility executing in the same CPC
Internal coupling
Used to connect to an external coupling facility
Coupling
True or False
External devices must be defined to the operation system before they can be used.
True
True or False
The HCD must be used by any user before they can write files or datasets to disk devices.
False
True or False
External devices must be defined to the channel subsystem before they can be used.
True
True or False
Device definitions are performed using the Hardware Configuration Dialog (HCD).
True
True or False
The HCD is an ISPF application.
True
Name that acronym
OSA
Open Systems Adapter
Open Systems Adapter
A hardware card for IBM Z mainframes that is used to connect mainframes to standard Ethernet network infrastructure for TCP/IP network connections.
What is the modern Open Systems Adapter
OSA Express
True or False
OSA bypasses the channel subsystem?
True
True or false
OSA Express supports all internet wiring standards?
False - it only accepts Ethernet, including gigabit and 1000Base-T
What can be used to create and manage a configuration source file for the Open Systems Adapter - Integrated Console Controller?
Hardware Management Console (HMC)
What is needed to provide operating systems with z/OS consoles?
Open Systems Adapter - Integrated Console Controller (OSA-ICC)
Name that acronym
OSA-ICC
Open Systems Adapter - Integrated Console Controller
Name that acronym
SMC
Shared Memory Communication
Shared Memory Communication
A protocol that can improve throughput by accessing data faster, with less latency
How does SMC improve throughput and latency in data access?
By allowing two peers to transfer data using system memory buffers that each peer allocates for its partner to use.
Name that acronym
SMC-D
SMC-Direct Memory Access
Name that acronym
SMC-R
SMC-Remote Direct Access
Which protocol would you use for data access when systems are located in the same central processor complex (CPC)?
SMC-Direct Memory Access SMC-D
How is SMC-D able to facilitate data transfer?
Through Internal Shared Memory (ISM) technology via virtual adapters through TCP socket endpoints.
How would you share data between central processor complex (CPC)?
SMC-Remote Direct Access (SMC-R)
True or False
z/OS and other systems in the same CPC require an OSA adapter for TCP/IP Communication.
False
What mainframe feature uses the OSA protocol for inner CPC communication?
Hipersockets
True or False
Open System Adapter (OSA) is how the mainframe connects to external networks for TCP/IP connections?
True
True or False
Open System Adapter (OSA) cannot be used to connect to z/OS and the Hardware Management Console (HMC)
False
Protocols for internal systems in the same CPC
SMC-D and HiperSockets
Protocol for communication between LPARs in different systems.
SMC-R
True or False
The OSA has always been used by mainframes to connect to networks.
True
True or False
The OSA is a hardware device that connects to the mainframe over a FICON fiber cable.
False
True or False
OSA today supports Ethernet, FDDI, ATM, and Token Ring network connections.
False
True or False
The OSA today connects via the normal channel subsystem.
False
True or False
The OSA can be used to provide operating systems with z/OS consoles.
True
True or False
The OSA is used for TCP/IP network connections.
True
True or False
The channel subsystem only uses Special Assist Processors (SAPs), which are separate from normal mainframe processing.
True
True or False
While the channel subsystem performs I/O for one task, other tasks can perform processing.
True
True or False
The channel subsystem performs all the I/O processing.
False
True or False
Once the channel subsystem has completed I/O, it interrupts the normal processors, so that the task requesting I/O can continue.
True
True or False
The channel subsystem is only used by z/OS.
False
True or False
The channel subsystem uses memory that is separate from that used by normal mainframe processing.
True
Which two items are channel communication technologies?
SCSI
zHyperLink
OSA
ATM
FICON
zHyperLink
FICON
True or False
OSA today can connect to Fast Ethernet and 1000-Base-T networks.
True
True or False
IBM Mainframes may run more than one instance of a coupling facility?
True
Name that acronym
PR/SM
Processor Resource / System Manager
Processor Resource / System Manager
Allow multiple operating systems to share the CPC resources
True or False
PR/SM preloaded on mainframe?
True
How does PR/SM allocate memory to LPARs?
By dividing it between LPARs, giving each LPAR an area of memory
How does PR/SM allocate CPU to LPARs?
PR/SM shares CPU so that if one LPAR does not need it, another could use it.
True or False
PR/SM can set it up so one LPAR has more CPU than another?
True
True or False
PR/SM works for all different types of processors on the mainframe?
True
General purpose (GP) processors, sometimes referred to as a central processor or (CP)
zIIP - offloading work from GPs
IFL - Linux on IBM Z
ICF - for coupling facilities
What feature was added as an optional feature to allow temporary zIIP capacity to be utilized during a shutdown period or IP to speed up recovery times and minimize downtimes?
System Recovery Boost
Name that acronym
MIF
Multiple Image Facility
What advantage does Multiple Image Facility (MIF) bring?
This reduces the number of physical channels attached to external devices.
What technology allows an LPAR to operate as if it has exclusive access to each channel subsystem?
PR/SM
True or False
Open System Adapters can be shared amongst LPARs?
True - and each LPAR believes its access to the OSA is exclusive
True or False
z/VM and PR/SM are the same?
False - PR/SM and z/VM have similar functionality in that they can configure resource sharing across OS instances
True or false
PR/SM can be used to share channels and OSA connections
True
True or False
PR/SM divides a CPC into logical partitions (LPARs)
True
True or False
PR/SM is a product that runs under z/OS
False
True or False
PR/SM can be used to share CPUs amongst LPARs
True
Is the following statement true for PR/SM, z/VM or both?
Provided with IBM Z mainframes
PR/SM
Is the following statement true for PR/SM, z/VM or both?
One or more operating systems can run under it
Both
Is the following statement true for PR/SM, z/VM or both?
Can run under PR/SM
z/VM
Is the following statement true for PR/SM, z/VM or both?
Runs as an operating system
z/VM
Is the following statement true for PR/SM, z/VM or both?
Can share CPU
Both
Is the following statement true for PR/SM, z/VM or both?
Can share channels and OSA connections
Both
Sysplex
A group of z/OS operating systems that communicate using channels and share resources such as datasets
Up to how many z/OS images can sysplex support?
32 as of z16
Name that acronym
XCF
Cross-system facility
Cross-system facility (XCF)
This provides services to allow tasks in a z/OS system to communicate with other tasks, either in the same z/OS system, or a different z/OS system in the same sysplex.
What technology allows tasks in z/OS to communicate with other tasks in the same z/OS system or a different one in the same sysplex?
Cross-system facility (XCF)
What protocol allows z/OS to sync time?
Server Time Protocol (STP)
Name that acronym
STP
Server Time Protocol (STP)
What is it referred to as when a sysplex has one or more coupling facilities for common memory for resource sharing?
Parallel sysplex
Name that acronym
ENQ
Enqueue
Enqueue
A technique used by programs to limit access (through serialization) to a reusable resource.
True or False
An ENQ can be seen by all z/OS systems in a sysplex?
True
What is the advantage of serialized access to a dataset?
It ensures only one task can write to a dataset at a time, ensuring data integrity
What technology allows multiple writes to a dataset at a time?
VSAM record-level sharing
How does RSL allow for multiple writes on the same dataset?
By serializing at the record level rather than the dataset level
True or False
Security software such as RACF can be shared amongst multiple z/OS instances?
True - And they see changes
True or False
Websphere applications can write to the same log?
True - and the logs can be shared with tasks
How are tape drives shared? Serialized, or parallel?
Serialized. When one is finished, then next OS can use it
What technology allows the sharing of resources across z/OS instances?
sysplex
CICS can also share resources, what’s the arrangement called?
CICSPlex
Db2 can be shared using what mechanism?
Db2 data sharing group
Name that acronym
IMS TM
IMS Transaction Manager
True or False
IBM MQ queues can be shared among z/OS instances?
True, allowing multiple tasks to put, or pull from the same queue
True or False, z/OS applications can share TCP/IP ports?
True, similar to VTAM generic resources
True or False
z/OS tasks can share network resources?
True, for example VTAM Logical Units
Name that acronym
VTAM
Virtual Telecommunication Access Method
Virtual Telecommunication Access Method
a program that facilitates communication between applications and terminals (or other applications) in an SNA network.
When a user logs into an application, what are they logging on to?
The applications’ VTAM Logical Unit
What is a VTAM LU also referred to as?
An Application ID, or APPLID for short
When two applications share an APPLID, what is this called?
a VTAM generic resource
Does a user need to know the application they are logging into?
No, this is determined by VTAM
For resource sharing to occur outside of a sysplex, what must happen
Setup of a network communication
This can communicate with an external time server.
STP
This allows z/OS tasks to communicate with tasks in another z/OS system in the same sysplex.
Coupling Facility
This allows z/OS tasks to communicate with tasks in the same z/OS system.
XCF
This is required for a Parallel Sysplex.
Coupling Facility
This is used to synchronize time between mainframes.
STP
An IBM Z Mainframe CPC can run which four operating system images at the same time?
z/VM
KVM
z/OS
Linux on IBM Z
PR/SM can be configured so that LPARs share IBM Z mainframe resources. Which three of the following resources can be shared using PR/SM?
Disks
Channels
Open Systems Adapters (OSAs)
Special Assist Processors (SAPs)
Central processors (CPs)
Channels
Open Systems Adapters (OSAs)
Central processors (CPs)
PR/SM cannot share Special Assist Processors (SAPs) or disks. Disks can be shared by z/OS systems in the same sysplex, but PR/SM is not required to do this.
z/OS uses some sysplex features to allow it to share resources. Which three of the following are such features?
RACF
JES2
Coupling Facility
DFSMSdfp
Server Time Protocol (STP)
XCF
Coupling Facility
Server Time Protocol (STP)
XCF
z/OS systems use basic sysplex features, including STP, XCF, and coupling facilities. z/OS builds on these features to share resources.
Many z/OS tasks use enqueues (ENQs) for serialization. Which four of the following statements about enqueues are true?
Enqueues cannot be used for tasks running in different z/OS systems in different sysplexes
If another task owns an enqueue, a requesting task cannot obtain it. It must wait, or do something else
Some z/OS components use enqueues for serialization
Enqueues have two names - a major name (QName) and minor name (RName)
Enqueues are attached to actual resources, therefore a dataset enqueue is stored in a physical dataset
Enqueues cannot be used for tasks running in different z/OS systems in the same sysplex
Enqueues have two names - a major name (QName) and minor name (RName)
Enqueues cannot be used for tasks running in different z/OS systems in a different sysplex
If another task owns an enqueue, a requesting task cannot obtain it. It must wait, or do something else
Some z/OS components use enqueues for serialization
z/OS tasks can share many types of resources, including datasets and JES spool.
Suppose you have two tasks that want to write to a shared log. Which three of the following statements about this situation are true?
To share using normal z/OS features, these tasks must be in the same sysplex
These tasks could write the log to a dataset, and share the dataset
These tasks could share a logstream, a z/OS resource used to store logs
To share using normal z/OS features, these tasks must be in the same z/OS system
These tasks could write the log to an enqueue, and share the enqueue
These tasks could write the log to a dataset, and share the dataset
These tasks could share a logstream, a z/OS resource used to store logs
To share using normal z/OS features, these tasks must be in the same sysplex