Managements Flashcards
What is the aim of psychotherapy?
Support patients in changing the way they interact with and perceive the world, to come to terms with past stressors and to cope more effectively with current and future stressors.
What is the aim of CBT?
Initially to help individuals identify and challenge their automatic negative thoughts and then to modify any abnormal underlying core beliefs.
How is CBT delivered?
Can be delivered in many ways; individually/ groups/ self help via books or computer
What are the indications for CBT?
Mild- mod depressive illness Eating disorders Anxiety disorders Substance misuse Schizophrenia Can also be used for chronic health conditions- fibromyalgia, chronic pain, chronic fatigue syndrome.
What thought processes do CBT target?
Selective abstraction All or nothing thinking Magnification/minimisation Catastrophic thinking Overgeneralisation Arbitrary interference (coming to conclusion in the absence of any evidence to support it)
What are behavioural therapies based on?
Behavioural therapies are based on the learning theory and particularly operant conditioning. Operant conditioning states that behaviour is reinforced if it has positive consequences for the individual and it prevents any negative consequences.
What are examples of behaviour therapies?
Relaxation training- useful in stress related and anxiety disorders
Systemic desensitisation- used for phobic anxiety disorders, gradually exposed to a hierarchy of anxiety producing situations.
Flooding- involves patients being rapidly exposed to the phobic object without attempt to reduce anxiety beforehand
Exposure and response prevention- exposed To the situation which causes anxiety and prevented from performing the actions.
Behavioural activation - used for depressive illness, rationale is that patients avoid doing certain things as they feel they will not enjoy it, activatIon involves gradually increasing amount of activity and making realistic and achievable plans.
What is the rationale behind using behaviour therapies?
Based upon the idea that childhood experiences, past unresolved conflicts and previous relationships significantly influence an individuals current situation.
What is the aim of behavioural therapies?
The unconscious is explored using free association (client says whatever comes to mind) and the therapist will then interpret the statements. Conflicts and defence mechanisms will be explored and the client will develop insight into their maladaptive behaviour.
How is psychoanalysis carried out?
It is an intense therapy with normally between one and five 50 minute sessions per week, for a number of years, the duration is much longer than in CBT.
What is psycho education?
The delivery of information to people in order to help them understand and cope with their mental illness
. Name and nature of illness
. Likely cause of illness
. What health services can do to help them
. What they can do to help themselves
What is the rationale behind counselling?
Behaviour and emotional life are shaped by previous experience, current environment and relationships that individuals have.
What is counselling?
Form of relieving distress and is undertaken by means of active dialogue between the counsellor and the client. Can range from sympathetic listening to active advice on problem solving.
What Is interpersonal therapy used for? How does it work?
It is used to treat depression and eating disorders
The focus is on an interpersonal problem (disagreement between 2 or more people)
The therapy focuses on difficulties that arise in relationships and the impact this has on the individual
What is EMDR?
EMDR is a psychotherapy treatment which aims to help patients access and process traumatic memories with the goal of emotionally resolving them
It is an effective treatment for PTSD
It involves client recalling emotionally traumatic material while focusing on an external stimuli (asking patients to look one way or another or follow their finger).
