Management Theory

Question 0

ERG Theory

Answer 0

Clanton Alderfer

Existence
Relatedness
Growth

Unlike Maslow’s theory allows for simultaneous growth on each level.

Question 1

Scientific Management

Answer 1

Frederick Taylor
The Principles of Scientific Management (1911)

One best way
Time/Motion studies

Question 2

Motivation-Hygiene Theory

Answer 2

Frederick Herzberg
The Motivation to Work 1959

Motivation-Hygiene
(Two Factor Theory)
1. Satisfaction
Achievement
Recognition
Work Itself
Responsibility
Advancement
Growth

2. Dissatisfied
Company Policy
Supervision
Relationship w/boss
Work conditions
Salary
Relationship w/peers

Question 3

Theory X Theory Y

Answer 3

Douglas McGregor
The Human Side of Enterprise 1960

Theory X
Assumes work for money

Theory Y
Works for esteem

Question 4

Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 4

Abraham Maslow

Physiological Needs
Safety Needs
Social Needs
Esteem Needs
Self-Actualization

Question 5

Theory of Needs

Answer 5

David McClelland
Acquired Needs Theory

(nAch)
(nAff)
(nPow)

Question 6

5 Skills of Management

Answer 6

Communication
Managerial
Organisational
Leadership
Strategic Planning

Question 7

Frank Goodnow

Answer 7

Modern Reform

Question 8

Woodrow Wilson

Answer 8

The Study of Administration

Question 9

Pendleton Act 1883

Answer 9

Federal law stipulated that government jobs should be awarded on merit.

Question 10

Civil Service Reform 1978

Answer 10

U.S. Civil Service Commission distributed functions to: Newly established Office Personnel Management (OPM) and Merit System Protection Board, Federal Labor Relations Authority.

Question 11

Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)

Answer 11

Protects employees and applicants from discrimination based on:
Race
National Origin
Gender
Religion

Question 12

Budget Enforcement Act of 1990

Answer 12

PAYGO

Two new budget control processes: set caps on annual appropriated spending; pay as you go process for entitlement and taxes

Question 13

Politics-administration dichotomy

Answer 13

There should be a clear and distinct exclusive relationship between politics and administration.

Elected officials have the legal right to make policy decisions, and carry out those policy’s for their constituents as fair civil servants.

Question 14

Public Administration is multi-discipline

Answer 14

Political science: constituent representative, social and moral accountability

Law: fairness, equality, protection of constitutional rights

Management: efficient and effective delivery of services

Question 15

Theoretical Perspectives

Answer 15

Equity theory: pay and performance awards

Expectancy theory: motivation dependant on expected outcome

Question 16

What is a budget?

Answer 16

A financial plan to allocate funding for anticipated costs of government operation.

Question 17

Macro level of budget

Answer 17

Fiscal discipline and control

Funding of strategic priorities

Encourage efficient and effective use if public resources

Question 18

Mosher:

Answer 18

Views professionalism as creating a separate core of power. Potential problem increased specialisation and reliance on technology.

Question 19

Kalu

Answer 19

Technocratic administration relies on numbers, formulas, and other data to make decisions. Heavy reliance on technology flattens the decision-making hierarchy. Creating accountability concerns and without structural redesign public accountability is threatened which is at the heart of American public service.

Question 20

Technocratic

Answer 20

When technocrats enter the workforce in large numbers it will over time change how merit is determined. Power will rest with the professional specialist. This decentralised specialisation threatens democratic virtue of merit system.