Management, research, professional skills etc Flashcards
types of funding in a lab
bulk funded contracts (eg newborn screening, forensics, routine hospital tests)
schedule tests (for private labs) - reimbursed by MOH
fee for service (eg clinical trials, GPs)
What legislation governs safety in workplace?
Health and Safety in Employment (HSE) Act 1992 (amended 2002):
outlines employers and employees responsibilities
Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO)Act 1996
ISO 15190: Medical Laboratories - Requirements for Safety
components of risk management (4)
- Hazard identification
- Risk assessment
- Control of hazard (“Hierarchy of Control”)
- Monitor, review & evaluate
options to resolve specimen mix-up/contamination
clinical and lab correlation (incl dx, no of pieces etc)
routine morphology (if different organ, no need to go further!)
IHC
DNA fingerprinting
what do you do when a (diagnostic) error is detected?
correct report – do not alter original report; add an addendum
notify clinician
review circumstances and procedures leading to the error
how did the error occur and can the system be improved
examples of pre-pathology errors
identification error
missing or incorrect clinical history
transport (method or time)
examples of post-pathology errors
clerical errors
not sent/available to clinician
misunderstanding by clinician
clinician not informed of addenda
research process (7)
think of idea
literature search
develop protocol
obtain approvals
collect data
analysis and interpretation
dissemination/write-up
when is ethical review required in research?
Interventional studies
Studies that involve
departure from normal care
Use, collection or storage of
human tissue without consent
Use of Guthrie cards
Use of identifiable health
information without consent
Study involves vulnerable participants
who approves ethics in research
Health and Disability Ethics Committee (HDEC)
sensitivity vs specificity
sensitivity = “true positive rate” (the proportion of positives that are correctly identified as such) TP/(TP+FN)
specificity = “true negative rate” (the proportion of negatives that are correctly identified as such) TN/(TN+FP)
types of research (3)
audit (not really ‘research’): improves delivery of a health service, measures against standards with existing data
observational research: new knowledge about a health issue, includes case-controlled/cohort/case series
interventional research: new knowledge about an intervention, includes RCTs
critical appraisal of a paper
PECOT:
participants
exposure/comparison
outcomes
time
components of research
research question
research design
research analysis
components of research questions
idea first
then: feasibility, literature review, ethics, funding
generates: a research question
