Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Special Care Dentistry > Management of Patients with Mobility Difficulties and Neurodegenerative disorders > Flashcards

Management of Patients with Mobility Difficulties and Neurodegenerative disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the prenatal aetiologies of Cerebral Palsy

A
  • Prematurity
  • Maternal infections: acute (e.g. rubella) or Chronic (e.g. syphilis, herpes)
  • Drugs (e.g. alcohol, cocaine)
  • Maternal dysfunctions (e.g. diabetes, hypertension)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the neonatal aetiologies of Cerebral Palsy

A
  • Hypoxia (most common)
  • Birth injury
  • Prolonged/difficult labour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the postnatal aetiologies of Cerebral Palsy

A
  • Trauma
  • Brain tumours
  • Infections (e.g. encephalitis, meningitis)
  • Toxins (e.g. lead, hydrocarbons)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the common signs and symptoms in patients with cerebral palsy

A
  • Epilepsy (30%)
  • Oral features
  • Hearing and visual impairment
  • Speech impairment
  • Uncontrolled movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What types of cerebral palsy are there and list them from most common to least common

A
  • Spastic
  • Athetoid
  • Ataxic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the common symptoms of spastic cerebral palsy

A
  • Exaggerated movements
  • Increase in muscle tone hyperreflexia
  • tendency towards contractures, positioning and movement
  • Loud noises can precipitate flexion/extension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the common symptoms of Athetoid cerebral palsy

A
  • Writhing, worm like movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are the lesions that form in the brain of someone with athetoid cerebral palsy

A

Lesions are on the basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the common symptoms of Ataxic cerebral palsy

A
  • Lack of coordination and balance problems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are the lesions that form in the brain of someone with Ataxic cerebral palsy

A

Lesions on the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some oral signs and symptoms that can be prevalent in cerebral palsy patients

A
  • Malocclusion
  • High palatal vaults
  • Drooling
  • Caries - xerostemia
  • Perio diagnosis is 3x higher
  • Bruxism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 5As of access to healthcare

A
  • Availability
  • Acceptability
  • Accessibility
  • Accomodation
  • Affordability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes disease in Multiple Sclerosis

A
  • Damage to the myelin sheath of the brain and spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who is MS most likely to be diagnosed in

A

Women aged 20-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the aetiology of MS

A

UNKNOWN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What treatment is available for MS

A
  • Disease modifying drugs reduces the number of relapses and slows progression of symptoms
  • No treatment can slow the progress of primary progressive MS
  • Physio treatment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

There are a shit load of drugs that are used to treat a shit load of symptoms for MS, what are the more common oral side effects of some of these drugs

A
  • Dry mouth

- Blood dyscrasias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the common characteristics of MS

A
  • Fatigue
  • Oral features
  • Visual impairment
  • Speech impairment
  • Breathing
  • Uncontrolled movements and spasticity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What types of MS are there

A
  • benign MS
  • Primary progressive MS
  • Relapsing remitting MS
  • Secondary progressive MS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the course of disease of benign MS

A

Few mild attacks and then complete recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the course of disease of Primary Progressive

A
  • Symptoms worsen over time with remission period
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the course of disease of Relapsing remitting MS

A
  • Symptomatic and symptom free periods eventually secondary progressive after 15 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the course of disease of Secondary Progressive MS

A
  • Symptoms worsen over time - this the most common form of MS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name some symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis

A
  • Visual disturbances
  • Mental changes: decreased concentration, memory loss
  • Loss of sensation: tremors, speech impediment
  • Depression or Paranoia
  • Limb weakness: loss of coordination and balance
  • Muscle spasms: fatigue, numbness
  • Bladder and bowel dysfunction
25
Q

What are some of the dental implications of Multiple Scelerosis

A
  • Amalgam fillings
  • Trigeminal neuralgia
  • Cannabis
  • Dry mouth
26
Q

What are some of the characteristics of patients with Motor Neurone Disease

A
  • Fatigue
  • Tongue wasting
  • Difficulty with speech, chewing and swallowing
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Muscle weakness
  • Muscle cramps
  • Uncoordinated movement
27
Q

AY BAWS CAN I HABE DE NOTE PLZ

A

Sensory, Cognitive and Bladder/Bowel is spared even in late disease

28
Q

What types of Motor Neurone Disease are there

A
  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
  • Progressive Muscular Atrophy
  • Progressive bulbar palsy
29
Q

What parts of the body are affected first in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

A

Hands and legs first

30
Q

Describe the progression of Progressive Muscular Atrophy

A
  • Starts in hands and spreads upwards
31
Q

What form of MND has the worst prognosis

A

Progressive Bulbar Palsy

32
Q

What is the aetiology of MND

A

UNKNOWN

33
Q

What treatments are there for MND

A

There no cure but physiotherapy and respiratory support tbh, some tings can delay ALS but you’re basically fucked due to respiratory paralysis

34
Q

What treatment changes might be needed in a patient with MND

A
  • Good suction and may need to be treated upright due to aspiration risk
  • High risk when using sedation and GA due to respiratory tings
35
Q

What difficulties can MND patients have with oral hygiene

A
  • Motor coordinaton of hands is fooked

- Poor oral hygiene and aspiration risks = higher risk of pneumonia

36
Q

What kind of genetic disease is Huntingdons disease (dominant or recessive, Autosomal or that other one?)

A

Autosomal Dominant

37
Q

What are the characteristics of Hungtingdon’s disease

A
  • Dementia
  • Lack of coordination
  • Suicide risk
  • Swallowing difficulties
  • Mood and cognition changes
  • Speech impairment
  • Unsteady gait
  • Uncoordinated jerky movements
38
Q

What age do symptoms of Huntingdon’s Disease start to show up

A

32-50 years

39
Q

What is the definition of Parkinson’s

A
  • The degeneration of dopamine releasing cells in the substantial nigra
40
Q

At what stage of Parkinson’s do symptoms occur

A

When 80% of the dopamine producing cells are destroyed

41
Q

Describe the multi-factorial aetiology of Parkinsons

A
  • Genetics
  • Idiopathic
  • Drug induced parkinsonism: caused by some neuroleptic drugs such as reserpine and the phenothiazines
  • Post viral encephalitis
  • Diffuse brain disease causing generalised cerebral damage e.g. alzheimers
42
Q

What treatment options are there for Parkinsons

A
  • Levodopa
  • Used concomitantly with an inhibitor of the degradation of enzyme dopa decarboxylase to allow lower dosage but an increased dopamine conc.
  • Physio treatment
43
Q

How does Levodopa work as a treatment for Parkinsons

A
  • A precursor of dopamine given to help replenish the depleted dopamine in the basal ganglia
44
Q

What severe side effects can result from using Levodopa as a treatment for parkinsons

A
  • Confusion
  • Hallucinations
  • Dystonia
  • Fluctuations in the ability to perform movements
  • Xerostomia
45
Q

What are the characteristics of Parkinsons

A
  • Facial Rigidity
  • reduced spontaneous blinking
  • Bradykinesia
  • Shuffling
  • Limb rigidity
  • Dyskinesia
  • Tremor
  • Slurring of speech
  • Mask like face
46
Q

What is the definition of a stroke

A
  • Sudden neurological deficit which is vascular in origin and persists for more than 24 hours
47
Q

AY BAWS CAN I HABE DE NOTE PLZ

A

Stroke is the most common cause of disability in adults

over 80% of strokes occur in people over 64 years old

48
Q

What are some of the risk factors for Stroke

A
  • Diabetes
  • Obesity
  • Smoking
  • Hyperlipidaemia
  • Heart Failure
  • Carotid Artery stenosis
  • Ischaemic heart disease
  • Atrial Fibrillation
49
Q

What is a hemorrhagic stroke

A

Weakened/diseased blood vessels rupture and the blood leaks into the brain tissue

50
Q

What is an ischemic stroke

A

Blood clots stop the flow of blood to an area of the brain

51
Q

What is the Initial management of a stroke

A
  • Thrombolysis

- Surgery

52
Q

What prevention options are there for management of a stroke

A

Anticoagulation

53
Q

What rehabilitation management options are there for a stroke

A
  • SALT: Speech and Language Therapy
  • Physio
  • OT
54
Q

What complications can arise in patients after a stroke

A
  • Paralysis or weakness of limbs
  • Incontinence
  • Social Isolation
  • Dementia
  • Dysphagia
  • Agnosia
  • Dysathria
  • Dyspraxia
  • Dysphasia
  • Loss of language
55
Q

What Dental Implications can arise as a result of Stroke

A
  • Reduced mobility
  • Reduced communication
  • Risk of inhalation during treatment
  • Increase in sugar intake
  • Facial Paralysis
  • Xerostomia
  • Poor motivation/attendance
56
Q

What is the most common form of Dementia

A

Alzheimer’s

57
Q

What is dementia

A

A progressive and irreversible impairment of cognitive function

58
Q

What is the aetiology of dementia

A

UNKNOWN

59
Q

What dental management measures might be needed in patient with moderate dementia

A
  • IV sedation/GA if medically stable and cooperative

- Slow and careful administration ± clinical holding

Special Care Dentistry (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions