Management of pain and inflammation Part 1 Flashcards
pain is treated by ( ) meds
analgesic
analgesics include
opiods and nonopiods
anti-inflammatory agents include
NSAIDs and glucocorticoids
opiods (narcotics) include
morphine and similar agents
nonopiods include
NSAIDS and acetaminophen
do opiods get rid of pain?
No, they alter pain
opiods usually used in what type of pain?
moderate-severe, constant pain
are opiods used in acute or chronic pain?
both
original opiod source
opium poppies
how long have opiods been around?
over 3000 years
common opiods
codeine, morphine (grandfather), oxycodine, etc.
agonist means
direct effect on tissue
stong agonists
morphine, meperidine, fentanyl
moderate agonists
codeine, oxycodone
antagonists
naloxone, naltrexone
binds to tissue and doesn’t do anything but prevents other chemicals from altering tissue
antagonists
mixed agonist/antagonist types
butorphanol, nalbuphine, pentazocine
opiods primarily on
spinal cord (dorsal gray matter) and brain
opiods bind to specific receptors located on
-presynaptic nerve terminals
-postsynaptic neurons
(overall, work all over the place)
when opiods bind to presynaptic nerve terminals
decreases release of NT
when opiods bind to postsynaptic neurons
decrease excitability of postsynaptic neuron- less likely to create AP
opiods can also affect peripheral neurons by
decreasing sensitivity of neurons that initiate pain
opiods affect descending (efferent) pain pathway by..
removing inhibition of central anti-pain pathways
opioid adverse effects: sedation, mood changed, confusion, neausea/vomiting, constipation
relatively minor