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PSA > Management of Chronic Conditions > Flashcards

Management of Chronic Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

above which BP should antihypertensives be given?

A

over 150 / 95 ambulatory / home readings, or over 135 / 85 if any of these present also present:

  • age >80 with clinic BP >150 / 90
  • age <80 with target organ damage, CVD, renal disease or Q-risk 10% and above
  • age <60 with Q-risk less than 10%
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2
Q

which patients receive an ACE-i or ARB as their first line treatment for HTN?

A
  • age under 55
  • white
  • diabetic
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3
Q

which patients receive a CCB as their first line treatment for HTN?

A
  • age over 55
  • non-white
  • non-diabetic
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4
Q

what is the target BP in a pt aged <80 with HTN?

A
  • less than 140 / 90 in clinic

- less than 135 / 85 ambulatory / home readings

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5
Q

what is the target BP in a pt aged 80+ with HTN?

A

add 10 to systolic values:

  • less than 150 / 90 in clinic
  • less than 145 / 85 ambulatory / home readings
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6
Q

how is chronic heart failure managed?

A
  • ACE-inhibitor + beta blocker
  • then: increase doses
  • then: add furosemide
  • then: spironolactone
  • then: specialist assessment
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7
Q

management algorithm for an acute asthma attack?

A
  • salbutamol nebs
  • ipratropium nebs
  • 40mg prednisolone (or IV hydrocortisone)
  • aminophylline infusion
  • IV MgSO4
  • ITU
  • I+V
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8
Q

below what sats would you give O2 in acute asthma / COPD exacerbation?

A

<94%

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9
Q

management algorithm for an acute exacerbation of COPD?

A
  • salbutamol nebs
  • 30mg prednisolone (only if wheezy)
  • ABx (amox / clarith) if infective signs
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10
Q

management of hypoglycemia in pt who is able to swallow?

A

2 tubes of 40% glucose gel, PO

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11
Q

management of hypoglycemia in pt who is unconscious (and not on a sulfonylurea / alcohol intoxicated)?

A

IM glucagon, 1mg

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12
Q

in which pts should IV glucose 10% / 20% be used to treat hypoglycemia?

A
  • alcohol-induced hypoglycemia
  • chronic hypoglycemia (e.g. from an SFU)
  • adrenal insufficiency
  • prolonged period of fasting
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13
Q

which AF pts are suitable for rhythm control?

A
  • new onset <48h ago
  • reversible cause is present
  • it is causing HF
  • symptomatic despite rate control
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14
Q

drug choices for pharmacological rhythm control?

A
  • flecainide

- amiodarone

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15
Q

drug choices for rate control?

A
  • BB (atenolol)
  • CCB (diltiazem, avoid in HF)
  • digoxin (only if sedentary)
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16
Q

first line treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhoea?

A

ceftriaxone 1g IM, once only

17
Q

management of hyperkalaemia?

A
  • calcium gluconate 10% by slow IV injection

- IV injection of soluble insulin with 50ml of glucose 50% over 5-15 mins

18
Q

endocrine drug for ER+ br Ca in pre-menopausal women?

A

tamoxifen

19
Q

endocrine drug for ER+ br Ca in post-menopausal women?

A

letrozole

20
Q

first line fluid treatment for hypercalcaemia?

A

1L 0.9% NaCl over 4 hours (same time as in AKI fluids)

21
Q

fluid treatment for hypoglycemia?

A

50 ml of glucose 20% over 5 mins

22
Q

drugs which prolong QT interval?

A
  • chlorpromazine
  • haloperidol
  • olanzapine
  • quetiapine
  • flecainide
  • amitriptyline
  • citalopram
  • ondansetron
23
Q

drugs which cause serotonin syndrome?

A
  • SSRIs
  • TCAs
  • triptans
  • opioids (tramadol, fentanyl etc)
  • SNRIs (venlafaxine, duloxetine)
24
Q

drug of choice for idiopathic diabetes insipidus?

A

desmopressin

25
Q

drug of choice for pernicious anaemia?

A

hydroxocobalamin

26
Q

drugs to avoid in chronic heart failure?

A
  • pioglitazone
  • verapamil
  • NSAIDs
  • flecainide
27
Q

initial management of massive PE?

A

bolus of: 10mg alteplase IV over 1-2 mins

28
Q

antibiotic of choice in suspected bacterial meninigitis?

A

either cefotaxime OR ceftriaxone

29
Q

first line treatment for acne of any severity?

A

adapalene with benzoyl peroxide

30
Q

treatment of uncomplicated vaginal thrush?

A
  • clotrimazole pessary
  • miconazole pessary
  • fluconazole PO
31
Q

fluid bolus for child (non-neonate)?

A

10ml/kg of 0.9% NaCl over <10 mins (stat)

32
Q

maintenance fluids for child?

A

100ml/kg/day for first 10kgs
50ml/kg/day for next 10kgs
20ml/kg/day for any remaining kgs

33
Q

first line analgesic for renal colic?

A

100mg diclofenac PR

34
Q

features of serotonin syndrome?

A
  • high HR
  • HTN
  • fever
  • sweating
  • hyperreflexia
  • nystagmus
  • agitation

PSA (1 decks)

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