Management/Leadership Principles: Chapter B: Organizational Behavior Flashcards
One of the weakest methods of evaluating people’s work is?
By evaluating traits. Many traits have little or no relation to performance. Additionally the evaluation of trait is a judgment with weak agreement between raters.
What is the true regarding groupthink?
There is a tendency to conform to the majority’s will and to ignore relevant individual input that is at variance with group opinion. Groupthink refers to the tendency to conform to the majority’s will when there is individual input that is at variance with the group opinion.
Job enlargement broadens the scope of a job with an expansion of
more or different tasks.
The theory that predicts that employee behavior depends on the belief that good performance will be rewarded by continued employment?
Expectancy Theory. Expectancy theory assumes that the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of the expectation that an act will be followed by a given outcome.
Name a nonfunctional group role
Blocker: one who shuts out the ideas of others, making this a nonfunctional role that hinders group progress.
What is a limiting factor associated with group decision-thinking?
Accountability is dispersed when groups make decisions. Lack of accountability is potentially a major problem associated with group decision-making.
Give an example of job enrichment
A supervisor delegates more responsibility for research and sales proposal preparation.
Give an example of a non vertical, top-down authority structure
Network Structure: A network structure has a lack of vertical order with relationships between multiple organizations, or entities, within an organization.
How can you align managerial goals with organizational goals?
- assigning responsibility for activities.
- delegating the authority to perform necessary tasks.
- establishing accountability.
- measuring and evaluating performance.
Job enlargement is a horizontal expansion of the job. It requires an individual to perform multiple jobs and not just one task. Give an example
Grouping production activities by having employees perform more than one task in the horizontal expansion of jobs
What is Valence, instrumentality, and expectancy
Expectancy is the level of confidence that a person has about his or her ability to produce the desired results. Valence is how important certain intrinsic or extrinsic rewards are to an individual.Instrumentality is how strongly a person believes that the rewards promised for efforts will actually be fulfilled.
When a team leader diverts attention from a dominating group member, which reinforcement theory technique is being used?
The behavior modification technique is extinction, which removes a reinforcing consequence to discourage repeat behavior in the future. The dominant member had enjoyed being listened to. The leader redirection minimizes the reinforcing consequence.
Negative reinforcement
negative reinforcement, which removes an undesirable consequence to increase repeat behavior in the future.
What is a network analysis?
Network analysis is a graphical representation of a project’s tasks and schedule. It involves evaluating the network of tasks and functions that contribute to a project in order to determine the most efficient path for reaching the project goals.
What is crashing in regards to projects?
he process of adding additional resources to shorten the length of a task on the critical path is called “crashing.” If the project manager is using this technique, it is unlikely that the project has any slack time, but the auditor should examine the cost of the resources against the budgeted costs to determine the relative costs of shortening the project’s time line in this way.
