Management Exam 2 Flashcards
The fundamental purpose of _____ to provide an inflation hedge by maintaining the real purchasing power of the periodic payments during retirement.
The fundamental purpose of a variable annuity
____ are often a function of a culture, background and experiences.
Decisions
There are over _____ distinct languages currently spoken with another ______ dialects.
2,500 and 7,000-8,000
Only ____ of the languages have more than 1 million speakers. ___ languages account for most of us on the planet.
100 and 10
What is the most spoken native language - measured by # of people?
Mandarin Chinese 850 mil
What is the most spoken (native & secondary) language - measured by # of people?
English
What are the reasons why Americans do not rank high in foreign language proficiency??
1, Geographic Isolation
- Ethnocentrism
- American School System
- World’s use of English in Business Interactions
- American Firms dominate the internet
- Size of the American Economy
- English is Fairly Simple
In what countries is English the most popular second Language?
Europe
Africa
Japan
China
Language services for the WTO eat up ___% of the budget
22%
Communication blunders committed by companies trying to do business internationally are usually in the form of ___&___
- errors in translation
2. errors due to lack of understanding of local norms and culture
When the Japanese are faced with embarrassing situations they…
tend to mention predicaments involving in-group relations (interactions with family, spouse, friends, and coworkers)
When Americans are faced with embarrassing situations they…
more likely to mention relations with out-group members (acquaintances, friends of friends, strangers, etc)
Japanese prefer to apologize how?
directly and extensively without offering explanations and reasons for their actions. Reflects the collective culture
Americans prefer to apologize how?
directly, but not extreme, they offer many more justifications and attributions to explain the behavior. Reflects the individualistic culture
Definition: The information that surrounds a communication and helps convey the message.
Context
Type of Context: messages are often highly coded and implicit. The receiver’s job is to interpret what the message means by correctly filtering through what is being said and the way in which the message is being conveyed. - examples: Japan and many Arab countries
High Context Society
Type of Context: messages are often explicit and the speaker says precisely what he/she means - examples: US & Canada
Low Context Society
Type of Context: people often only meet to accomplish objectives. Since they do not know each other very well, they tend to be direct and focused in their communication.
Low Context Culture
Type of Context: it is common for the person to ask “Who will be at this meeting?” The individual wants to be prepared to interact correctly.
High Context Culture
Type of Context: it is likely for the person to ask “What is the meeting going to be about?”
Low Context Culture
What is the biggest thing that separates communication?
Context
What are the 4 dimensions of Verbal communication Styles?
- Indirect v. Direct
- Elaborate v. Exacting v. Succinct
- Contextual v. Personal Styles
- Affective v. Instrumental
In high-context societies ___ style is very common. There is a great deal of talking, description includes much detail and people often repeat themselves.
elaborate style
The ___ style is more common in nations such as Germany, England, Sweden, and the U.S. This style focuses on precision and the use of the right amount of words to convey the message.
Exacting Style
The __ style is most common in Asia. Few words and allow understatements, pauses and silence to convey meaning. More common in high-context cultures with considerable uncertainty avoidance.
Succinct Style
___ style focuses on the speaker and the relationship of the parties. Speakers will choose words that indicate their status relative to those of the others. Reflects roles, titles, and hierarchy (ASIAN NATIONS)
Contextual
__ style focuses on the speaker and the reduction of barriers between the parties. Use first names to address informally. (US, EUROPE, AUSTRALIA)
Personal Style
