Management Approaches

Question 1

Industrial revolution

Answer 1

Acted as a catalyst for developing management approaches

Question 2

Classical approach

Answer 2

There is one best way to perform and manage tasks

Question 3

Who invented the classical-scientific approach?

Answer 3

Frederick W Taylor

Question 4

4 principles of scientific management

Answer 4

1. Scientifically examine each part of a task to determine the most efficient method for performing the task
2. Select suitable workers and train them
3. Ensure workers use the scientific methods
4. Manage is responsible for planning, organising and controlling and workers are responsible for carrying out the work

Question 5

Classical-scientific approach

Answer 5

Improving efficiency by determining the quickest and most effective way to finish a task, dividing the labour into specialised tasks

Question 6

Who invented the classical-bureaucratic approach?

Answer 6

Max Weber and Henri Fayol

Question 7

Classical-bureaucratic approach

Answer 7

A bureaucracy is the most efficient form of organisation and should include:
1. Strict hierarchical organisational structure
2. Clear communication + responsibility
3. Breaking down jobs - specialisation
4. Clear job roles
5. Rules and procedures
6. Impersonal evaluation of employee performance to avoid bias

Question 8

Henri’s main functions of management

Answer 8

1. Planning - setting goals and deciding how to achieve them
2. Organising - arranging the resources of the business to achieve the goals
3. Controlling - evaluating and modifying tasks to ensure goals are being achieved

Question 9

Levels of planning

Answer 9

1. Strategic - long term
2. Tactical - medium term
3. Operational - short term

Question 10

Management as planning

Answer 10

Providing a vision and goals for a business, strategies to achieve them, and anticipation of future directions for change

Question 11

Management as organising

Answer 11

1. Determining the work activities
2. Classifying and grouping activities
3. Assigning work and delegating authority

Question 12

Management as controlling

Answer 12

1. Establish standards in line with the business goals and influences from employees, management, industry, and government
2. Measure performance and determine how comparisons will be made against standards
3. Take corrective action

Question 13

Leadership styles

Answer 13

1. Autocratic/authoritarian
2. Participative/democratic

Question 14

Advantages of the classical model

Answer 14

1. Less time to make decisions
2. Could improve efficiency
3. Increased productivity
4. Clear chain of command

Question 15

Disadvantages of the classical model

Answer 15

1. Employee boredom due to repetitive and specialised tasks
2. Less job satisfaction
3. Discourage creativity and innovation
4. Organisation becomes inflexible

Question 16

Behavioural approach

Answer 16

Employees should be the main focus of the way the business is organised

The manager has to understand and work with diverse people

Question 17

Hawthorne effect

Answer 17

Meeting people’s social needs has a significant effect on productivity

Question 18

Management as leading, motivating, communicating

Answer 18

Directing, communicating, resolving conflict, open mind, new ideas, clear vision, etc

Question 19

Classical vs behavioural

Answer 19

Classical: planning, oragnising, controlling

Behavioural: leading, motivating, communicating

Question 20

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (8 stages)

Answer 20

Transcendence > self-actualisation > aesthetic > cognitive > esteem > belongingness and love > safety > biological and physiological

Question 21

Advantages of the behavioural approach

Answer 21

Increased empowerment of employees, worker recognition and appreciation = increased motivation, improved relationships between managers and staff

Question 22

Disadvantages of the behavioural approach

Answer 22

Lack of control, powerful people can disrupt the process, communication confusion, difficult to predict employee behaviour