Management Approaches Flashcards
Industrial revolution
Acted as a catalyst for developing management approaches
Classical approach
There is one best way to perform and manage tasks
Who invented the classical-scientific approach?
Frederick W Taylor
4 principles of scientific management
- Scientifically examine each part of a task to determine the most efficient method for performing the task
- Select suitable workers and train them
- Ensure workers use the scientific methods
- Manage is responsible for planning, organising and controlling and workers are responsible for carrying out the work
Classical-scientific approach
Improving efficiency by determining the quickest and most effective way to finish a task, dividing the labour into specialised tasks
Who invented the classical-bureaucratic approach?
Max Weber and Henri Fayol
Classical-bureaucratic approach
A bureaucracy is the most efficient form of organisation and should include:
1. Strict hierarchical organisational structure
2. Clear communication + responsibility
3. Breaking down jobs - specialisation
4. Clear job roles
5. Rules and procedures
6. Impersonal evaluation of employee performance to avoid bias
Henri’s main functions of management
- Planning - setting goals and deciding how to achieve them
- Organising - arranging the resources of the business to achieve the goals
- Controlling - evaluating and modifying tasks to ensure goals are being achieved
Levels of planning
- Strategic - long term
- Tactical - medium term
- Operational - short term
Management as planning
Providing a vision and goals for a business, strategies to achieve them, and anticipation of future directions for change
Management as organising
- Determining the work activities
- Classifying and grouping activities
- Assigning work and delegating authority
Management as controlling
- Establish standards in line with the business goals and influences from employees, management, industry, and government
- Measure performance and determine how comparisons will be made against standards
- Take corrective action
Leadership styles
- Autocratic/authoritarian
- Participative/democratic
Advantages of the classical model
- Less time to make decisions
- Could improve efficiency
- Increased productivity
- Clear chain of command
Disadvantages of the classical model
- Employee boredom due to repetitive and specialised tasks
- Less job satisfaction
- Discourage creativity and innovation
- Organisation becomes inflexible
Behavioural approach
Employees should be the main focus of the way the business is organised
The manager has to understand and work with diverse people
Hawthorne effect
Meeting people’s social needs has a significant effect on productivity
Management as leading, motivating, communicating
Directing, communicating, resolving conflict, open mind, new ideas, clear vision, etc
Classical vs behavioural
Classical: planning, oragnising, controlling
Behavioural: leading, motivating, communicating
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (8 stages)
Transcendence > self-actualisation > aesthetic > cognitive > esteem > belongingness and love > safety > biological and physiological
Advantages of the behavioural approach
Increased empowerment of employees, worker recognition and appreciation = increased motivation, improved relationships between managers and staff
Disadvantages of the behavioural approach
Lack of control, powerful people can disrupt the process, communication confusion, difficult to predict employee behaviour
