MANAGE POTABLE WATER SURVEILLANCE Flashcards
NAVMED P-5010, Chapter 6
Water Supply Afloat
Coaming
A raised frame (as around a hatchway in the deck of a ship) to keep out water
Define Distillation
The total process the distilling plant forms, including evaporation and condensation.
Define Distillation
The total process the distilling plant forms, including evaporation and condensation.
Define: Free Available Chlorine (FAC)
Chlorine available (after demand is met) in the forms of Hypochlorous acid and Hypochlorite ions.
Define: Micron
A unit of length. One millionth of a meter.
Define: Point of Use (POU)
A treatment device applied to a single tap used for the purpose of reducing contaminants in drinking water at that tap.
Define: Potable Water
Water that is suitable for human consumption, bathing, laundry, personal hygiene.
Define: Reverse Osmosis (RO)
The reverse of the natural osmosis achieved by external application of sufficient reverse pressure to cause the solvent to flow in its unnatural direction.
Define: Colilert / Colisure
Test used to detect total coliform and E-coli in the potable water.
Define: Total Coliform
Are a group of closely related, mostly harmless bacteria that live in soil and water as well as the guts of animals. The extent to which total coliforms are present in the source water can indicate the general quality of that water and the likelihood that the water is contaminated with fecal matter. The presence or absence of total coliform bacteria is the drinking water standard.
A type of fecal coliform bacteria commonly found in the intestines of animals and humans. Presence of this bacteria in water is a strong indication of recent sewage or animal waste contamination.
Sewage may contain many types of disease-causing
organisms
E. Coli (Escherichia coli)
Command Responsibilities:
Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM)
Responsible for the shipboard potable water systems, treatment facilities and processes to assure that safe drinking water is available at all times.
(a) Design
(b) Construction
(c) Maintenance
Command Responsibilities:
Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFACENGCOM)
Responsible for promulgating instructions for ship-to-shore potable water connections and for providing potable water from an approved source when the ship is berthed at a naval facility.
Command Responsibilities:
Chief, BUMED
(a) Responsible for establishing and promulgating health standards for water quality afloat.
(b) Promulgate appropriate instructions, notices, or other publications to reflect
afloat water quality requirements.
(c) Establish the shipboard requirements for medical surveillance of potable water systems.
Command Responsibilities:
Commanding Officer
Responsible for promulgating a water sanitation bill to ensure that procedures for: receipt, transfer, treatment, storage, and distribution surveillance
Command Responsibilities:
Engineering Department
Responsible to the commanding officer for implementing the requirements of NAVSEASYSCOM.
Command Responsibilities:
Medical Department Representative (MDR)
Responsible for conducting a medical surveillance program of the potable water system.
(1) Bacteriological (BACTI) Testing
(2) Daily Halogen Testing
(3) MDR shall notify the commanding officer of any discrepancies observed in the potable water distribution system
Who ensures that all ship-to-shore and ship-to-ship connections are made only by authorized personnel, when available, or in their absence, ship personnel who are properly supervised by authorized personnel.
Engineering Department
Who is responsible for Halogen and pH testing?
Engineering Department
Who ensures minimum halogen residuals are maintained at a potable water tank before placing the tank on-line to the potable water distribution system.
Engineering Department
For new ship construction, how many gallons per man per day is specified by NAVSEASYSCOM for design considerations?
50 gallons
What does the 50 gallons per man per day not apply to?
“Water Hours”.
1) Not less than 2 gallons per man per day.
2) Particularly applicable to troop-carrying ships loaded beyond their water- producing capacity.
3) Sea water is used for marine sanitation device systems.
What are the approved sources of potable water for Naval ships.
- Distillation, Reverse Osmosis (RO), or other NAVSEA approved water production technology.
- Shore-to Ship delivery from an approved source
- Shore-to-Ship delivery from an unapproved source
- Ship to Ship
- Seawater is used aboard ships such as in the fire mains, decontamination, and for marine sanitation devices (MSDs) flushing
Avoid making potable water while operating in:
1) Harbors or from polluted seawater.
2) When ships are operated in close formation.
3) When stripping or discharging waste or bilge water forward of the saltwater intakes.
When can you receive water via shore-to-Ship delivery from an unapproved source
If the water has been treated at a minimum of 2.0
ppm prior to receipt.
Allied Military sources for Shore to ship water
1) British Royal Navy
2) Canadian Forces
3) Royal Australian Navy
4) Other OCONUS locations may be obtained from U.S. Military representatives ashore or Navy Environmental Preventive Medicine Units (NEPMU) having area responsibility.
Types of Water Production Plants
- Distillation Plants
- Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Distillation Plants - three general types
- Steam Distilling Plants - uses steam supplied by power plant or auxiliary boiler
- Waste Heat Distilling Plant - uses heat derived from Diesel Engine jacket water
- Vapor Compression Type - uses Electrical Energy
What is the Reverse Osmosis (RO) Plant?
-Removes suspended particles as small as 1 micron in some cases.
-Through a high-pressure pump, the filtered water is boosted up in pressure to as much as 1000 psi where it is introduced into the RO membranes. A portion
of the filtered water, typically 20-25 percent, permeates through the membrane to become fresh water.
-Single or triple pass
What type of RO plant
-Additional disinfection such as chlorination or bromination is required
Single Pass
What type of RO plant
Additional disinfection is not required. The water quality in often better than distilled water.
r triple pass RO plant
Potable Water tank coating should follow what standard?
NSF/ANSI
Potable water tanks should never be filled with ballast water unless…
necessary for survival of ship
Unauthorized termination points for vents and overflow lines
1) Food Service Spaces
2) Medical Spaces
3) Toilets
4) Electrical or electronic rooms
5) Exterior of the ship
Purpose of the Vents and overflow lines
Located to reduce accidental contamination
Vents and Overflows lines openings are screened with what?
18 gauge or finer, non-corrosive mesh
Filling Connections(hose valve, Risers) will be..
1) Clearly labeled
2) Color coded Dark blue
3) 18 inches from the deck
4) Turned facing downward
5) Screw caps with keeper chains
Can potable water lines/piping be cross connected to any non-potable piping or system?
NEVER
What Shipboard Water System Component must have an air gap or approved and appropriate backflow prevention?
Potable water filling lines which distribute potable water to non-potable water tank
Potable hot water settings should be set so the temperature at the fixture is _____ at the water tap.
120 degrees F
Sanitary Requirements
Potable water Hose
(a) Approved for potable water use.
(b) Examined routinely.
(c) Removed from use when cracks develop in the lining or leaks occur.
(d) Capped or coupled and stored in hose locker when not in use.
(e) Shall not be used for any other purpose.
Sanitary requirements
Potable Water Hose Lockers
(a) Vermin proof
(b) Locked
(c) 18 inches off the deck (When located on weather decks and sponsons).
(d) Printed, step by step instructions for disinfection of hoses and risers posted conspicuously inside the locker.
How are Potable water hoses labeled?
-“POTABLE WATER ONLY” with 1 inch high letters
every 10 feet
-Couplings color-coded dark blue.
Labeling Requirements:
Valves for receiving or supplying potable water
(a) Clearly labeled with warning plate “POTABLE WATER ONLY” in 1/4 inch high letters.
(b) Valves or valve handles must be color-coded dark blue.
How are Potable Water Hose Lockers labeled
POTABLE WATER HOSE
When receiving or transferring water via approved source Halogen residual must be what to require no further treatment?
0.2 ppm
Who tests the Halogen residual prior to making making toe potable water hose connection?
MDR
Potable water from sources of doubtful quality shall be ___
investigated and examined thoroughly as possible
The minimum halogen residual requirements for water with doubtful quality is ____
2.0 PPM
During Ship-to-Shore Procedures remove shore cap and flush pier side potable water outlet for _____
15-30 seconds
Absence of Halogen in the ship’s potable water may indicate ____
contamination
What Halogen is used for in port?
Chlorine
What Halogen is used at sea?
Bromine
Define
Halogen residual
As a quick indication of water that may have been improperly treated or handled.
What is the purpose of Bacteriological Testing?
(1) Ensure fitness for human consumption.
(2) To assess adequacy of disinfection process.
Chemical Quality of Water and Wastewater
(a) Naval vessels are exempt
(b) Chemical analysis is complex
(c) If assistance is required, notify the nearest NEPMU
Temperature/pH Routinely performed by____
Engineering Department
Halogenation is more effective at ______ water temperatures
Warmer
Chloride shall not exceed
0.065 Equivalent per Million (epm) or 2.3 ppm
Can you get accurate results from salinity testing halogenated water?
No, Halogenated water will provide false results
MDR Halogen residual testing is done how often?
1) Daily
2) In conjunction with bacterial analysis
3) Prior to receipt of potable water
The Engineering Department is responsible for checking the Halogen level of the potable water tanks after _____ contact time
30 Minute
Microbiological Quality Frequency of monitoring
- Performed weekly according to a written plan
- Shall represent sites through-out the distribution system
Microbiological Quality Number of weekly samples per population 400 or less over 400-800 More than 800
400 personnel or less, no less than 4 samples.
Over 400 - 800 personnel, require 8 samples.
More than 800 require 12 samples.
Emergency Potable Water Tank is tested how often?
Monthly
Microbiological Quality method(s) for the fleet
Colilert or Colisure
any EPA approved method may be used
What do you follow for the MCL for coliform bacteria
EPA established Maximum Contaminant Level
What does TBR stand for?
Total Bromine Residual
What does FAC stand for?
FAC
DPD #1 Tests for?
FAC or TBR
DPD #1 Tests for?
FAC or TBR
DPD #4 tests for
chloramines (total chlorine) residual
Color comparator accuracy is (+) or (-) ___ Percent
10
Portable Spectrophotometer accuracy is (+) or (-) _____ percent
2
Continual absence of halogen residuals in potable water systems must be reported to _____ with a copy to ______
Commanding Officer with a copy to Chief Engineer
Bacteriological testing is done weekly to include what portion of ice machines and potable water tanks?
1/4th of the ice machines and 1/4th of the potable water tanks
Label Bacteriological sample bottle or bag with
1) Location
2) Date and time
3) Sampler’s initial
Bacteriological testing samples are incubated at what temp for how long?
24 hours at 35º C
Colilert sample colors under UV light indicate what
Clear
Yellow
Fluorescent Yellow
(1 Clear is negative
(2 Yellow is positive for total coliform
(3 Fluorescent yellow (under UV light) is positive for fecal coliform
Examine samples and place under ____ nm UV lamp
365 nm
How much water do you collect for a sample bottle or bag containing sodium thiosulfate
100ml tap water
Chlorine dosage rule of thumb
One ounce HTH Per 5,000 gallons of water equals 1.0 ppm FAC
If the ships brominator cannot achieve a TBR of 2.0 ppm, the water must be chlorinated by
“Batch Method”
Controlling Taste and Odor
-If the source of taste and odor problem cannot be identified what method should you use?
Chlorination Method
1) Chlorinate to 5.0 ppm FAC
2) Distribute at 2.0 ppm FAC
Use of steam method requires who’s approval?
NAVSEASYSCOM
What size are the Calcium Hypochlorite (HTH) 65%-70% bottles?
6 ounce bottles
What strength is the HTH in ready-use stock?
65%-70%
MDR will maintain a ___ Year chronological record of potable water surveillance.
2
