Mammography

Question 1

What is the voltage and current that is required for mammography?

Answer 1

Less than 30 kVp
25 mA (for small focal size)

Question 2

What is the Mo filter?

Answer 2

The K edge of the specific atom is correspondent with the K characteristic ray, gets rid of x rays that are not within its range.

Question 2

What is needed for mamography

Answer 2

Low dosage
High resolution
Small focal size(reduces the blurring due to the microcalcification)
For screening

Question 2

What are the advantages of compression?

Answer 2

Can reduce scatter
Reduces overlapping anatomy
Full compression: uniform tissue being compressed
Spot Compression: Used for specific parts on the tissue, when there are suspicious areas

Question 3

What is tomosynthesis?

Answer 3

3D mammography
Used to screen and diagnose breast cancer

Question 3

What are the disadvantages of mammography imaging?

Answer 3

Geometric Blurring from focal spot

Question 4

Advantages of using tomosynthesis?

Answer 4

Gives multiple angles to view the breast tissue
Image Reconstruction- Shfts images to different planes, and adds them to create the 3D image

Question 5

What is fluoroscopy used for?

Answer 5

Camera, CCD, or electronics chip, optical coupling, image intensifier,

Question 6

Advantages of fluoroscopy

Answer 6

Allow for real time viewing of patient
Immediate serial images
High resolution
Interventional Radiology(Possible used during surgery)

Question 7

What is an image intensifier made of?

Answer 7

High energy photon shoots an x ray through fiber(Csl needles) that emit light, which at the end is converted into photoelectrons at the photocathode
The electrons are received through the electrodes and then delivered to the anode(vacuum)
The output phosphor turns the electrons into visible light(optical photons)

Question 8

Significance of IR imaging

Answer 8

Dose is high with the IR- arm due to it sourcing tomographic imaging