Mammo Test #1 Flashcards
1
Q
Mammography refers to radiography of ___________ tissue.
a. adipose
b. breast
c. dense
d. homogeneous
A
b. breast
2
Q
mammography is the only federally regulated radiographic procedure in the United States.
a. true
b. false
A
a. true
3
Q
the chance of dying from breast cancer is about
a. 1 in 8
b. 1 in 16
c. 1 in 24
d. 1 in 36
A
d. 1 in 36
4
Q
breast cancer death rates have been
a. increasing
b. decreasing
c. remaining the same
d. stagnant
A
b. decreasing
5
Q
the number of breast cancer survivors in the United States is approximately _____ million
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
A
c. 3
6
Q
identify the two factors below that most significantly increase a woman risk for developing breast cancer
a. having multiple full-term pregnancies
b. family history in a first-degree female relative
c. personal history of breast cancer
d. not having had children
e. more than one, but not all of the above
A
e. more than one, but not all of the above
7
Q
senate Bill 1538 requires a summary of the written report that is sent to the patient to include a notice of breast density.
a. true
b. false
A
a. true
8
Q
the first menstrual cycle in female humans is termed
a. menarche
b. nulliparity
c. menopause
d. multiparity
A
a. menarche
9
Q
a patient with breast cancer in one breast will have ___ risk of developing cancer in the opposite breast
a. greater
b. lesser
c. about the same
d. none of the above
A
a. greater
10
Q
mammography is more accurate in
a. premenopausal women
b. postmenopausal women
c. lactating women
d. women with dense breast tissue
A
b. postmenopausal women
11
Q
exposure of breast tissue to estrogen, both naturally created in the body and pharmaceutical hormone replacement can cause an increased risk of breast cancer
a. true
b. false
A
a. true
12
Q
since 1989, the death rate from breast cancer has declined because
a. more cancers are discovered at a later stage
b. more cancers are discovered at an earlier stage
c. the long-term survival rate for breast cancer patients is stable
d. patients who survive 5 years will survive an additional 10 years
A
b. more cancers are discovered at an earlier stage
13
Q
which of the following public figures has the greatest risk for breast cancer
a. dr. gari
b. don trump
c. ms. ali
d. ed sheeran
A
c. mr. ali
14
Q
which of the following is (are) considered a first-degree relative
- mother
- sister
- aunt
a. 1 only
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1 and 3 only
A
b. 1 and 2 only
15
Q
anti-estrogen drugs such as tamoxifen can be used to
- slow or stop growth of cancer
- prevent breast cancer in high risk women
- prevent recurrence of breast cancer
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1,2 and 3
A
d. 1,2 and 3
16
Q
what is the name of the influential study that concluded in 2005 comparing the accuracy of film screen mammography and digital mammography
a. DMFSIT
b. DMIST
c. FFDM
d. FSMDM
A
b. DMIST
17
Q
the physical boundaries of the breast include superior to the clavicle, medial to the sternum, inferior to the inframammary crease, and lateral to the midaxillary line
a. true
b. false
A
a. true
18
Q
supernumerary nipples appear along the two vertical lines of the body which start in the armpit on each side, run down through the typical nipples and end at the groin. This area is called the
a. mole length
b. lactogenic space
c. breast path
d. milk line
A
d. milk line
19
Q
____ of women diagnosed with breast cancer have no family history
a. 15%
b. 85%
c. 50%
d. 62%
A
b. 85%
20
Q
identify the anatomic structure in the breast where most significant changes, both benign and malignant, take place
a. nipple
b. TDLU
c. coopers ligaments
d. lymph nodes
A
b. TDLU
21
Q
the primary lymphatic drainage from all parts of the breast is
a. to the axilla
b. to the internal mammary chain
c. to the intercostal lymphatics
d. to the thoracic duct
A
a. to the axilla
22
Q
in the breast, the subcutaneous fascia separate into
a. mammary lymphatic
b. subareolar plexus
c. deep and superficial layers
d. reticular cutis
A
c. deep and superficial layers
23
Q
the breast is elevated from the deep layer of superficial fascia and the fascia overlying the pectorals muscle by a layer of fat forming the
a. retromammary space
b. lactiferous sinus
c. inframammary ridge
d. tail of spence
A
a. retromammary space
24
Q
the elevated areas around the areola represent
a. ductules
b. orifices of Montgomerys sebaceous glands
c. terminal ducts
d. mycepithelial cells
A
b. orifices of Montgomerys sebaceous glands
25
the lymphatic system of the breast drains
a. blood
b. excess extracellular fluid
c. milk
d. sweat
b. excess extracellular fluid
26
pathologists generally are in agreement that the breast undergoes involutional changes as women age and the timing of this involution
a. is clear
b. depends on parity
c. is variable
d. depends on age at menarche
c. is variable
27
normal breast develop primarily because of
a. fat intake
b. hormonal stimulation
c. lactation
d. mastitis
b. hormonal stimulation
28
each lobe of fibroglandular tissue in the breast is further divided into numerous
a. segments
b. lobules
c. acini
d. glands
b. lobules
29
most post-menopausal breasts are
a. fibrous and glandular
b. glandular
c. fatty
d. dense on mammography
c. fatty
30
during pregnancy and throughout lactation, the breast has an increased amount of
a. adipose
b. glandular tissue
c. coopers ligaments
d. sebaceous glands
b. glandular tissue
31
the tissue type that attenuates the x ray beam the LEAST is
a. adipose tissue
b. fibro-glandular tissue
c. fibrous tissue
d. fibro fatty tissue
a. adipose tissue
32
the tissue type that attenuates the x ray beam the MOST is
a. adipose tissue
b. fibro-glandular tissue
c. fibrous tissue
d. fibro fatty tissue
b. fibro-glandular tissue
33
for adequate compression of the breast, the range of compression force recommended by ACR is
a. 20-40 lbs
b. 20-50 lbs
c. 25-45 lbs
d. 30-55 lbs
c. 25-45 lbs
34
a 2 o'clock lesion in the right breast is located in the
a. upper inner quadrant
b. upper outer quadrant
c. lower outer quadrant
d. lower inner quadrant
a. upper inner quadrant
35
breast self examination is important because
a. it finds occult carcinomas
b. it may detect interval carcinomas between mammography screenings
c. it tells the patient when she is due for her next screening mammogram
b. it may detect interval carcinomas between mammography screenings
36
the most common cancer of the breast is
a. infiltrating ductal cancer, not other specified (IDC,NOS)
b. infiltrating lobular cancer
c. mucinous cancer
d. papillary cancer
e. none of the above
a. infiltrating ductal cancer, not other specified (IDC, NOS)
37
the most common tumor on younger women ( below 25 years) is
a. mammary dysplasia with cysts
b. fibrodenoma
c. fibrous tumor
d. lactogenic adenoma
e. none of the above
b. fibroadenoma
38
the amount of compression that should be applied in order to produce a quality mammogram is
a. compress the breast to 4.5 cm
b. compress until the patient says stop
c. between taut and less than painful
d. compress until the breast is white then apply one more turn of the hand wheel
c. between taut and less than painful
39
what position would best demonstrate a suspicious lesion seen in the medial aspect of the breast
a. 90 degree lateromedial projection
b. cleavage projection
c. medial exaggerated CC
d. all of the above
e. a and b only
d. all of the above
40
which position best demonstrates the "tail of spence"
a. axillary tail (AT)
b. mediolateral oblique
c. craniocaudal
d. caudocranial
a. axillary tail (AT)
41
properly applied breast compression will do all of the following except
a. reduce source-to-object distance
b. reduce the radiation dose
c. reduce motion unsharpness
d. increase image contrast
a. reduce source-to-object distance
42
the degree of obliquity for the MLO is
a. determined by the patients age
b. determined by the patients pectoralis muscle
c. 45 degree
d. 60 degree
b. determined by the patients pectoralis muscle
43
which of the following would tend to decrease scatter radiation incident on the image receptor
a. increased compression
b. use of a grid
c. magnification
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
44
the preferred anode/filter combination for mammography imaging is
a. tungsten/aluminum
b. molybdenum/molybdenum
c. tungsten/palladium
d. molybdenum/ rhodium
d. molybdenum/ rhodium
45
which of the following is not a critical element In proper magnification imaging
a. minimizing patient motion
b. grid ration
c. use of a sufficiently small focal spot
d. stability of the magnification imaging assembly
b. grid ratio
46
in magnification imaging, scatter clean-up is achieved by the use of
a. a Bucky grid
b. a small focal spot
c. proper filtration
d. an air gap
d. an air gap
47
according to ACR guidelines, the maximum acceptable dose for a single mammography projection is
a. 200mR
b. 400mR
c. 300mR
d. 500mR
c. 300mR
48
a stellate mass on mammography
a. may be benign
b. should be considered malignant unless otherwise explained
c. can be due to one of several causes
d. can be safely followed and re-examined in 6 months
b. should be considered malignant unless otherwise explained
49
the feature that is not common to malignant-type calcification is
a. clustered
b. hollow
c. crushed stone appearance
d. branching
b. hollow
50
the recommended routine views for a screening mammogram are
a. CC and 90 lateral
b. CC and medio-lateral oblique
c. CC and 30 laters-medial oblique
d. CC and 90 lateral and axillary
b. CC and medio-lateral oblique
51
common error made in positioning the canto-caudal projection include which of the following
a. superimposition of the shoulder and the breast tissue
b. wrinkles imaged from the inferior side of the breast
c. superimposition of tissue or wrinkles images in the axillary portion of the breast
d. all of the above are common errors
d. all of the above are common errors
52
in a latero-medial lateral projection, the image receptor is positioned
a. on the lateral border of the breast, parallel to the patients pectoral muscle
b. underneath the breast
c. well into the axilla, behind the ribs
d. at the sternal line between the breasts
a. on the lateral border of the breast, parallel to the patients pectoral muscle
53
as a routine view, the media-lateral oblique is preferred to the 90 lateral because when properly performed
a. it is more comfortable for the patient
b. it is visualizes more of the inframammary area
c. it visualizes a maximum amount of juxtathoracic breast tissue and portions of the axilla
d. it demonstrates the nipple in profile
c. it visualizes a maximum amount of juxathoracic breast tissue and portions of the axilla
54
if a patient is kyphotic or has a shoulder immobility a view/projection that may be necessary to replace the CC view is the
a. exaggerated CC (xccl)
b. caudal-cranial (FB)
c. axillary tail
d. rotated CC
b. caudal- cranial (FB)
55
the upper outer quadrant of the breast is of particular concern because
a. it is closest to the lymph nodes
b. it is the most difficult are to visualize mammographically
c. it is the most difficult area to clinically examine
d. the majority of all breast cancers occur in this area
d. the majority of all breast cancers occur in this area
56
magnification capabilities are frequently used in conjunction with
a. the reverse oblique view
b. a high kVp technique
c. spot compression
d. needle localization
c. spot compression
57
patients with breasts larger than the largest cassette
a. should only have xeromammography
b. will never have good nipple profile on the image
c. always require at least 30 kVp
d. will require multiple films to ensure that all breast tissue is imaged in the routine
d. will require multiple films to ensure that all breast tissue is imaged in the routine.
58
mammography on male patients
a. is useless because males hardly ever get breast cancer
b. is performed very similarly to mammography for a female patient
c. does not require compression
d. should be performed routinely on all male technologists and radiologists
b. is performed very similarly to mammography for a female patient
59
what structures of the breast are best demonstrated on the craniocaudal projection
a. medial, subareolar, central and some lateral tissue
b. lateral, central, subareolar and some medial tissue
c. central, subareolar and lateral tissue
d. central, subareolar and pectoral muscle
a. medial, subareolar, central and some lateral tissue
60
what position offers the best opportunity to image all of the breast tissue in a single view
a. CC
b. mlo
c. 90 mediolateral
d. 90 lateromedial
b. MLO
61
a tangential view (TAN) is used to demonstrate
a. a palpable lesion that is obscured by glandular tissue
b. calcifications located in the skin
c. a only
d. both a and b
d. both a and b
62
which maneuver will allow maximum visualization of the posterior and superior tissue of the breast on a CC projection
a. placing the patients arm across her abdomen
b. turning the patients head away from the side of interest
c. elevating the inframammary fold
d. pulling in as much lateral tissue as possible
d. pulling in as much lateral tissue as possible
63
which of the following is not a benign breast condition
a. fibroadenoma
b. cyst
c. papilloma
d. ductal carcinoma in situ
e. lipoma
d. ductal carcinoma in-situ
64
pre-mammogram patient instructions should include each of the following except
a. take nothing by mouth (NPO) after midnight
b. apply no deodorant, talc, powder, lotions etc. to underarms or torso prior to exam
c. bring any prior (outside) mammogram with you on the day of your exam if possible
d. have your physicians name, address and phone number with you on the day of your exam
a. take nothing by mouth (NPO) after midnight
65
identify the best indicator of proper breast tissue compression in the CC projection
a. breast tissue is soft and pliable
b. breast will exhibit bth soft and tight areas
c. patient will experience a great deal of pain
d. lateral breast tissue will be taut
d. lateral breast tissue will be taut
66
how does compression influence radiographic contrast
a. decrease contrast by decreasing differential absorption
b. decrease contrast by increasing overall density
c. increase contrast by increasing differential absorption
d. increase contrast by decreasing amount of scatter produced
d. increase contrast by decreasing amount of scatter produced
67
which view would you choose to determine whether calcifications are in the skin or within the breast parenchyma
a. rolled
b. tangential
c. axillary tail
d. spot compression
b. tangential
68
identify the projection that best demonstrates the poster-lateral portion of the breast, including the axillary tail
a. cc
b. xccl
c. mlo
d. lm
b. XCCL
69
focal spot size for routine mammography should not be greater than
a. 1.5mm
b. 0.6mm
c. 0.3mm
d. 0.1 mm
c. 0.3 mm
70
what is the maximum focal spot size for magnification mammography
a. 0.15mm
b. 0.2mm
c. 0.3mm
d. 0.6mm
a. 0.15mm
71
when performing a spot compression view, what projection should be utilized
a. CC
b. XCCL
c. MLO
d. the projection in which the suspect area was originally seen
d. the projection in which the suspect area was originally seen
72
grids used in routine mammography
1. intreat radiographic contrast by cleanup of scattered radiation
2. increase radiation dose
3. have lower gird ratios than those used in general radiography
4. are always employed in magnification imaging
a. 2 and 3
b. 3 and 4
c. 1,2 and 3
d. 1,3 and 4
c. 1,2 and 3
73
an image with skin folds should be repeated
1. always
2. if the fold is deep and shows motion blur
3. in an area of clinical suspicion
4. never
a. 1 only
b. 4 only
c. 2 and 3
d. 1,2 and 3
c. 2 and 3
74
When measuring the posterior nipple line measurement on the CC projection, the measurement is made from the nipple directly back to the posterior (chest wall) edge of the image
a. true
b. false
a. true
75
the pectoral muscle on the MLO projection should extend inferiorly at minimum
a. to the inframammary fold
b. to the posterior nipple line
c. to the mid portion of the breast
b. to the posterior nipple line
76
the PNL measurement on the CC should be equal to or within ___ cm, of the PNL measurement on the MLO
a. 0.5
b. 1.0
c. 1.5
d. 2.0
b. 1.0
77
a screening patient returns for diagnostic views to evaluate a density seen only on the MLO projection. On the 90 degree LM projection, the density is demonstrated superiorly on the film relative to where you see it on the MLO. In which aspect of the breast is the density located
a. medial
b. lateral
a. medial
78
the anode heel effect causes increased intensity of the bream at the cathode side of the tube
a. true
b. false
a. true
79
a radial scar occurs in the breast as result of a pervious breast biopsy procedure
a. true
b. false
b. false
80
an asymptomatic patient presents with an oval, lobulated mass with indistinct margins. There is no evidence of halo sign
a. if the lesion is also radiolucent it is likely to be benign
b. the lesion could be malignant
c. all oval lesions are benign
d. the absence of a halo indicated it is definitely malignant
b. the lesion could be malignant
81
a category of 0-6 assigned and noted in a patients report represents the
a. medical audit outcome
b. consumer complaint mechanism
c. BIRADS assessment
d. physicists findings
c. BIRADS assessment
82
a lesion is noted in the axillary area of the breast on the MLO projection. It appears oval in shape with a radiolucent center. This would most likely be a
a. radial scar
b. fibroadenoma
c. lipoma
d. lymph node
d. lymph node
83
the appearance of architectural distortion in the breast can be produced by
1. surgical changes
2. resolving hematoma
3. radial scar
4. malignancy
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
84
on the properly positioned MLO the pectoral muscle should be concave in contour
a. true
b. false
b. false
85
medial breast tissue is best demonstrated on the CC projection
a. true
b. false
a. true
86
a patient with a BIRADS assessment category of 0 requires
1. a breast biopsy
2. additional imaging in order to make a diagnosis
3. comparison of the current study with prior films
a. 1 only
b. 2 or 3
c. 3 only
b. 2 or 3
87
the halo sign seen in conjunction with a circumscribed mass is
a. an indicator of potential malignancy
b. an indicator of potential benignity
c. an indication that her family thinks she is an angel
d. a good reason for the technologist to order an ultrasound exam
b. an indicator of potential benignity
88
the air gap used in magnification functions to
1. increase scatter
2. improve contrast
3. reduce scatter
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. all of the above
c. 2 and 3
89
```
which of the following could be used when imaging extremely small breasts in the CC projection
a. spatula
b. ML
c. cleavage
d exaggerated craniocaudal
```
a. spatula
90
which projection could be used to demonstrate a deep medial lesion not seen on the CC
a. axillary tail
b. exaggerated CC lateral
c. cleavage view
d. MLO
c. cleavage view
91
pages disease of the breast is an
a. infiltrating carcinoma generally limited to the breast
b. form of carcinoma associated with nipple changes
c. relatively common benign breast condition
d. malignant form of breast carcinoma involving the lobules
b. form of carcinoma associated with nipple changes
92
selection of rhodium anode/ filter combination for a fatty breast
1. overpenetrates the fatty breast
2. alters the penetrating power of the beam
3. results in a loss of subject contrast
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
93
in which of the following modified projections is the superior surface of the breast rolled medially
a. RM
b. RL
c. M
d. . Lateral medial
a. RM
94
minimum and maximum kVp of a mammography unit depends upon which main factors
a. radiologist preference or recommendations
b. characteristics of the screen film combination
c. processing and size of the patients breast
d. target and filtration materials available
d. target and filtration materials available
95
patients are instructed not to wear lotions or deodorants on the breasts and underarm area because
a. it may cause a chemical reaction with the material of the IR
b. it keeps the equipment cleaner so disinfection is not required
c. radiopaque elements in deodorant or lotion may mimic or obscure micro calcifications on the image
d. deodorant makes the axillary area slippery and difficult to position
c. radiopaque elements in deodorant or lotion may mimic or obscure micro calcifications on the image
96
which projection would best demonstrate fluid levels in the erect patient
a. MLO
b. ML
c. CC
d. TAN
b. ML
97
the silhouette sign seen in conjunction with a circumscribed mass is
a. an indicator of potential malignancy
b. an indicator of potential benignity
c. an indication that the mass is very dense
d. a good reason for the technologist to order an ultrasound exam
b. an indicator of potential benignity
98
which nipple discharge color is more an indication of cancer than any other
a. green
b. yellow
c. white
d. clear, watery
d. clear, watery
99
a ___ border is a strong indicator of malignancy
a. smooth
b. oval
c. speculated
d. bright
c. speculated
100
which of the following affects focal spot size
a. angle of the anode
b. a decrease in SID
c. decreasing the size of the collimated beam
d. chasing the relationship between the OID and SID
a. angle of the anode
