Mammo 2: Breast Anaphy

Question 1

The ____ is a well-differentiated apocrine sweat gland of the same type found in the axilla and elsewhere in the body.

Answer 1

breast

Question 2

The external landmarks of the breast include the ____

Answer 2

nipple, inframammary fold, and axilla

Question 3

The ____ of the breast is the portion
adjacent to the chest wall; the ____ is the nipple

Answer 3

base

apex

Question 4

Four named quadrants describe location in the breast:

Answer 4

• Upper outer quadrant
• Upper inner quadrant
• Lower inner quadrant
• Lower outer quadrant

Question 5

The skin covering the breast is ____ at the base of the breast (about ____ thick) and becomes ____ as it
approaches the nipple ( ___ )

Answer 5

thickest, 2 mm

thinner, 0.5 mm

Question 6

The skin of the nipple– areola complex measures ____

Answer 6

4 to 5 mm

Question 7

The skin of the nipple

Answer 7

areola complex

Question 8

is a smooth, circular darkening surrounding the nipple

Answer 8

areola

Question 9

The protrusions in the areola are called

Answer 9

Montgomery glands

Question 10

These glands are a specialized sebaceous type providing lubrication during lactation

Answer 10

Montgomery glands

Question 11

is a raised, darkened, circular extension with multiple crevices.

Answer 11

nipple

Question 12

Within the nipple crevices are ____ that transfer milk from the lactiferous ducts

Answer 12

five to seven orifices (collecting
ducts)

Question 13

The breast lies ______ to the pectoralis major muscle, which runs in an oblique line from the humerus to midsternum

Answer 13

anteriorly

Question 14

A layer of adipose tissue and
connective fascia (not distinguishable
from other breast structures on the
mammogram) separate the breast
from the pectoral muscle, forming the
______

Answer 14

retromammary fat space

Question 15

The ____ and the ___ of the skin
completely envelope the breast

Answer 15

posterior fascia

anterior superficial fascia

Question 16

The supportive structures of the
breast are

Answer 16

Cooper’s ligaments

Question 17

The ligaments attach at the base
of the breast and extend outward,
attaching to the anterior
superficial fascia of the skin.

Answer 17

Cooper’s ligaments

Question 18

Other tissues that give the breast structures support consist of the ___

Answer 18

extralobular and intralobular stroma

Question 19

holds the larger ductal structures

Answer 19

extralobular stroma

Question 20

is specialized tissue that gives the lobule its shape and definition

Answer 20

intralobular stroma

Question 21

The majority of the tissue lies
______ within the breast

Answer 21

centrally and laterally

Question 22

Atrophy of glandular tissue begins ____, working its way to the nipple

Answer 22

medially and posteriorly

Question 23

The glandular tissue or “parenchyma” consists of ____ lobes that extend from the nipple in a ____ pattern

Answer 23

15 to 20

radial

Question 24

Beneath the epithelial layer is a layer of _____.

Answer 24

myoepithelium

Question 25

is a type of smooth muscle that contracts the acini and ducts to empty these structures of milk produced during lactation.

Answer 25

myoepithelium

Question 26

a pouch-like structure that again narrows as it joins one or more segmental ducts

Answer 26

lactiferous sinus (ampulla)

Question 27

is the minute (1 to 2 mm) portion of the duct that holds the milk-producing elements of the breast.

Answer 27

lobule

Question 28

The small duct just outside and leading to the lobule is the ____

Answer 28

extralobular terminal duct

Question 29

The intralobular terminal ducts end at the

Answer 29

terminal ductules

Question 30

the saclike, functional, milk- producing unit of the breast

Answer 30

acinus

Question 31

The portion of the ductal structure starting at the extralobular terminal duct and ending at the terminal ductules is the ____

Answer 31

terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU)

Question 32

is the critical hub of the functioning breast and is responsible for milk production and hormonal and nutritional exchange

Answer 32

TDLU

Question 33

At about the age of ____, and in response to earlier hormonal stimuli, the formation of the ductal structures, including the lobule, is complete.

Answer 33

17 years

Question 34

The two most prominent hormones active in breast physiology are ____

Answer 34

estrogen and progesterone

Question 35

____ stated, “The degree of involution following lactation is variable. It can be quite extensive with almost total replacement of stromal and parenchymal tissue by fat with only fibrous septa, ducts, and vessels remaining

Answer 35

Hoeffken and Lanyi

Question 36

The ____ is a landmark useful for positioning purposes and indicates the band of fatty tissue lying posteriorly to the glandular sheet

Answer 36

retroglandular fat space

Question 37

They appear as smoothly outlined isodense masses, usually with telltale lucency within the border

Answer 37

lymph nodes

Question 38

The only portions of the connective stroma discernible mammographically are

Answer 38

Cooper’s ligaments

Question 39

They present as thin curved convex lines leading to the subcutaneous adipose tissue

Answer 39

Cooper’s ligaments