Malt and Other Sources of Sugar Flashcards

1
Q

List some of the grains that may be used in making beer

A
  1. Barley
  2. Wheat
  3. Rice
  4. Oats
  5. Sorghum
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2
Q

Describe the makeup of a grain

A

A grain contains an embryo with a store of energy (starches) inside a protective casing (husk). As the embryo grows it releases enzymes that converted starches to sugars for use in growth

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3
Q

What is malting (generally)?

A

A process that mimics the growth conditions for the grain, causing release of enzymes and conversion fo starches into sugars.

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4
Q

List the steps in the malting process

A
  1. Steeping
  2. Germination
  3. Kilning
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5
Q

What is steeping?

A

Submerging milled grains in hot water

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6
Q

What is germination?

A

The growth of the grain embryo so that enzymes are produced

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7
Q

What is kilning?

A

Stopping germination by drying the mash with warm air in a kiln, also resulting in production of colors and aromas

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8
Q

Why is it necessary to stop germination by kilning?

A

If germination continued, the grain would use up the store of starch (therefore sugars) and grow into a new plant

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9
Q

What are the types of malt?

A
  1. Base malts
  2. Specialty malts
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10
Q

What is a base malt?

A

Makes up the majority of malt used in brewing processes. Heated to lower temperatures than specialty malts, minimizing damage to enzymes.

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11
Q

What characteristics do base malts give beer?

A

Lighter aromas (water cracker, bread dough, bread crumb, light honey) and colors (straw to gold)

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12
Q

What is a specialty malt?

A

Malts that are kilned at higher temperatures and longer times. Often used in small amounts in combination with base malts.

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13
Q

What characteristics do specialty malts give beer?

A

Give deeper colors (amber to black) and aromas (digestive biscuit/graham cracker, bread crust, toasted bread, toasted nut, caramel, dried fruits, candy floss, coffee, chocolate)

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14
Q

What adjuncts (other sources of sugar) are often used in making beer?

A
  1. Wheat
  2. Corn
  3. Rice
  4. Oats
  5. Sugars and syrups
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15
Q

What characteristics does wheat give to a beer?

A
  1. Haziness
  2. Smooth, creamy texture
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16
Q

What characteristics does corn give to a beer?

A
  1. Lighter aroma intensity
  2. Lighter body
17
Q

What is a grain bill?

A

The list of all grain types used in making a beer, along with their amounts