Malpresentations

Question 1

Define presentation in pregnancy

Answer 1

The leading part of the foetus in relation to the maternal pelvic inlet

Question 2

What are the different types of presentations?

Answer 2

Cephalic (head)

Breech (buttock/legs)

Shoulder

Question 3

What is a malpresentation?

Answer 3

any presentation other than a vertex presentation (top of head first)

Question 4

When can a brow presentation be delivered vaginally?

Answer 4

premature babies or large maternal pelvis

Question 5

What is the reference point used for a face presentation?

Answer 5

Mentum

- 70% anterior, 20% posterior, 10% transverse

Question 6

When can a face presentation be delivered vaginally?

Answer 6

If mento-anterior

- can’t used ventouse but can use forceps

Question 7

What is the reference point in a breech presentation?

Answer 7

Sacrum

Question 8

What are the three times of breech presentation?

Answer 8

Complete - flexed at hip and knee

Footling - at least one leg leads

Frank - flexion of hip and straight knee (best type)

Question 9

What should be done it cord presentation?

i.e. cord present in front of head or breech

Answer 9

Push it back and deliver with C-section