Malnutrition

Question 1

malnutrition

Answer 1

refers to deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and / or nutrients

Question 2

ratio

Answer 2

descriptive → can describe the male-to-female ratio of participants in a study;
analytic → can be calculated for occurrence of illness, injury or death between two groups

Question 3

rate

Answer 3

a measure of the frequency with which an event occurs in a defined population over a specified period of time

Question 4

prevalence

Answer 4

number of existing cases of a health problem at a specific time

Question 5

incidence

Answer 5

reflects the number of new cases of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time

Question 6

count

Answer 6

small amount of cases (e.g. Ebola, anthrax)

Question 7

stunting

Answer 7

= low height for age
- irreversible beyond the first 1000 days of life
- impacting cognitive and physical development
- vicious cycle (mother and baby)
- lowers IQ scores
- influences later income and economy overall

Question 8

hidden hunger

Answer 8

lack of micronutrients (vitamin B, A, calcium, folic acid, iodine, iron, zinc)

Question 9

wasting

Answer 9

= too thin
- reversible by improving health care and nutrition intake

Question 10

environmental determinants of malnutrition

Answer 10

• household income
• social status
• lack of nutrition awareness / knowledge
• lack of hygiene → infections
• political stability of a country
• climate shocks
• the mother’s education
• rural vs urban setting
• mental health - anorexia nervosa
• drought / flood

Question 11

food insecurity

Answer 11

when people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food

Question 12

kwashiorkor

Answer 12

severe malnutrition

Question 13

anemia

Answer 13

when the blood lacks enough red blood cells to carry oxygen efficiently around the body (iron / vitamin B12 deficiency)

Question 14

vitamin A deficiency

Answer 14

can cause vision loss

Question 15

iodine deficiency

Answer 15

leading case of preventable brain damage in children

Question 16

food swamp

Answer 16

an urban environment with few grocery stores but several non-nutritious food options such as corner stores or fast-food restaurants

Question 17

food desert

Answer 17

an area that has limited access to food that is plentiful, affordable, ornutritious

Question 18

overweight

Answer 18

= imbalance in energy surplus and deficit; increase in calory intake and / or lower activity level
- caused by:
- low quality, processed food
- genetics (metabolism)
- energy intake imbalance

Question 19

consequences of over nourishment

Answer 19

1. type 2 diabetes
2. colon and breast cancer
3. cardiovascular disease

Question 20

change in malnutrition rates over time

Answer 20

prevalence of hunger has fallen globally 13.4% → 8.8% in 17 years, however, particular short-term events which impact food supplies can disrupt long-term trends