Malnourishment Flashcards
What is malnutrition?
State of nutrition where you have too little or too much calories. Low is undernutrition
What is malnutrition?
State of nutrition where you have too little or too much calories. Low is undernutrition
What are two main categories of problems leading to malnourishment?
Inadequate food intake (poverty and stuff) and disease related (cancer, nausea, etc)
What are the most common consequences of under nutrition?
Increased fractures, independence, hospital admission, waisting muscle, confusion
What is the difference between nutrition screening and screening assessment?
Screening-fast, simple and practical-not diagnostic, not in depth, everyone is hosptial
Assessment-detailed, complicated
What is an exemples of necessary things in a nutritional screen?
MUST tool has 3 scores-BMI, Weight loss and acute disease score
Add for overall score and then split along (0-no risk)W
What are the main things you need to assess nutrition status?
Weight. %wieght loss, BMI, other measures (handgrip, skinfold thickness, muscle circumference), diet history-27h to 7 days, biochemistry : albumin and CRP (not great), Creatinine, Cholesterol
What is the definition of nutritional support?
Helping get people to get enough food and drink
How is nutritional support achieved?
If functional GI-oral diet or enteral supplement
If NO-enteral suppoer and paraenteral
What are the types of oral nutrition?
always try with snacks/fortified diets. Ward bases-assistance, swallow assessment, food charts, manage nausea
Supplements-available on prescritption-super drinks
what are the 3 forms of enteric artificial feeding?
Naso gastric, nasoduodenum and nasojujenum
When would you use nasogastric?
Cancer, swalling issue, oesophageal problems-Mostly for temporaty (less than a month)
when would you use gastroctomy?
Long term enteral feeding, neural swalliwong probslems, mechanical impairment> Low morbidity
When would you use jejonsotomy?
Long term or upper GI problems-like recovering from GI surgery, cancer, or slow bowels
How do you know how much to feed someone?
Weight based equations (eg:20/30Cal/Kg)
What are the complications of enteral feeding?
Nausea and vomiting, overeating, tube issue (pain, ulceration, blockage, stuck in wrong place), infection, malabsorption, constipated
what is parenteral nutrition?
Using IV-Only given when nothing else is available-and the risk can outweigh the benefits
What are the reason to use parenteral
Prolonged issue, obstructions, acute pancreatitis, inadequate GI, some oncology patients
what are the complications of parenteral feeding?
tosn-pneumothorax, sepsis, thrombosis, malnutrition, re-feeding syndrome,
What is re-feeding syndrome?
metabolic disturbance after giving someone nutrition after being malnourished for a while (usually over 5 days)
What happens during re-feeding syndrome?
The body is using everything to make glucose-but as soon as you feed them, insulin secretion leads to a lot of nutriments being absorbed from the blood-need emergency nutrition
What are the consequences of re-feeding?
hypocholesteriamia, hypokolceamia (low calcium, potassium, sodium)
What are two main categories of problems leading to malnourishment?
Inadequate food intake (poverty and stuff) and disease related (cancer, nausea, etc)
What are the most common consequences of under nutrition?
Increased fractures, independence, hospital admission, waisting muscle, confusion
What is the difference between nutrition screening and screening assessment?
Screening-fast, simple and practical-not diagnostic, not in depth, everyone is hosptial
Assessment-detailed, complicated
