MALIT - Laboratory #4: Anatomy

Question 1

acts as a physical protective barrier against thermal, mechanical, and physical injury and toxic substances

Answer 1

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Question 1

Protects and supports body organs, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement

Answer 1

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Question 2

It gives the body its structure, promotes mobility, produces blood cells, protects organs, and stores minerals.

Answer 2

MUSCLE SYSTEM

Question 3

What system sends signals that are transmitted between the brain and the rest of the body, including internal organs. controls the ability to move, breathe, see, and think, and etc.?

Answer 3

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 4

What system is made up of all the body’s numerous hormones, regulates all biological processes in the body from conception through adulthood and into old age, including brain and nervous system development, reproductive system growth and function, metabolism, and blood sugar levels.

Answer 4

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 5

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc.

Answer 5

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Question 6

this system maintains body fluid equilibrium and protects the body from illnesses.

Answer 6

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM/IMMUNITY

Question 7

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

Answer 7

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 8

Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells

Answer 8

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 9

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body

Answer 9

URINARY SYSTEM

Question 10

a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

Answer 10

Peristalsis

Question 11

The set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions

Answer 11

Catabolism

Question 12

breaking down or losing overall mass, both fat and muscle

Answer 12

Catabolic State

Question 13

The set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, these reactions require energy, known also as an endergonic process

Answer 13

Anabolism

Question 14

a self-regulating process that allows a biological organism to retain internal stability while adapting to changing environmental conditions

Answer 14

HOMEOSTASIS

Question 15

sensory neurons that carry nerve impulses from sensory stimuli towards the central nervous system and brain

Answer 15

Afferent pathway

Question 16

motor neurons that carry neural impulses away from the central nervous system and towards muscles to cause movement

Answer 16

Efferent pathway

Question 17

An inability of the body to restore a functional, stable internal environment

Answer 17

HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCE

Question 18

A structure above another

Answer 18

SUPERIOR

Question 19

Toward the front of the body

Answer 19

ANTERIOR

Question 20

Toward the back

Answer 20

DORSAL

Question 21

Farther from a point of attachment

Answer 21

DISTAL

Question 22

Toward or on the surface

Answer 22

SUPERFICIAL

Question 23

Away from the midline of the body

Answer 23

LATERAL

Question 24

A structure below another

Answer 24

INFERIOR

Question 25

Most abundant and important inorganic compound in living material

Answer 25

WATER

Question 26

also called proton DONORS

Answer 26

ACIDS

Question 27

also called proton ACCEPTORS

Answer 27

BASES

Question 28

Monomers are joined by removal of OH from one monomer and removal of H from the other at the side of bond formation

Answer 28

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

Question 29

double sugar, two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis (sucrose, lactose, maltose)

Answer 29

DISACCHARIDES

Question 30

selectively permeable barrier

Answer 30

Plasma Membrane

Question 31

intracellular fluid packed with organelles

Answer 31

Cytoplasm

Question 32

organelle that controls cellular activities

Answer 32

NUCLEUS

Question 33

Substances contributing to body mass that are found outside of the cells

Answer 33

EXTRACELLULAR MATERIALS

Question 34

Phospholipid bilayer with protein molecules plugged in as a fluid mosaic

Answer 34

PLASMA MEMBRANE

Question 35

forms the fabric of the membrane (phospholipid + cholesterol)

Answer 35

Membrane Lipids

Question 36

allows the membrane to communicate with its environment, responsible for specialized membrane function

Answer 36

Membrane Proteins

Question 37

includes glycoproteins and glycolipids. Glycocalyx (carbohydrate rich area) provides identity molecules for specific biologicals markers

Answer 37

Membrane Carbohydrates

Question 38

proteins containing glycans attached to amino acid side chains

Answer 38

GLYCOPROTEINS

Question 39

carbohydrate-attached lipids, which are associated with cell membranes

Answer 39

GLYCOLIPIDS

Question 40

allow neighboring cells to adhere and to communicate, inhibit or aid in allowing movement of molecules between cells

Answer 40

CELL JUNCTIONS

Question 41

diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer (usually small nonpolar molecules that readily dissolve in lipids)

Answer 41

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

Question 42

diffusion of a solvent through a membrane

Answer 42

OSMOSIS

Question 43

either through a) binding to carrier proteins or 2) through water filled channel proteins

Answer 43

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

Question 44

Refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cells; internal water volume

Answer 44

TONICITY

Question 45

have the same concentrations of nonpenetrating solutes as those found in the cells, retain shape, exhibit no net loss or gain of water

Answer 45

ISOTONIC

Question 46

higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than seen in the cell, lose water, shrivel or crenate

Answer 46

HYPERTONIC

Question 47

more dilute than cells, cells plump up or lyse

Answer 47

HYPOTONIC

Question 48

Requires transport proteins that combine specifically and reversibly with the transported substances

Answer 48

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Question 49

Also termed as voltage, electrical potential energy resulting from the separation of oppositely charged particles

Answer 49

MEMBRANE POTENTIAL