MALIGNANT TUMORS Flashcards
MALIGNANT CUTANEOUS LESION
DUE TO ABNORMAL/ UNCONTROLLED GROWTH OF EPITHELIAL CELLS
SIGNS + SYMPTOMS - MALIGNANT TUMORS
> more than 1 multiple visible cutaneous tumors
melanoma > can be non cutaneous too > ocular, mucosal
DIAGNOSIS OF MALIGNANT TUMOR SKIN
HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
> confirm dx
> find tumor grade
BIOPSY
> confirms dx
> find tumor grade
OTHER
> dermatological exmaination > dermatoscope
> TNM staging
> Breslow thickness > distance of tumor cell from basal layer of epidermis
BRESLOW DEPTH/ THICKNESS
THICKNESS OF TUMOR FROM BASAL LAYER OF EPIDERMIS
IN SITU
95-100% 5 year survival
< 1mm
95-100% 5 year survival
1-2mm
80-96% 5 year survival
2.1-4mm
60-75% 5 year survival
TREATMENT MALIGNANT TUMOR SKIN
MEDICATION
> immunomodulators
SURGERY
> surgical excision
> electrodesiccation
> curettage of lesion
OTHER
> radiation therapy
SKIN CANCER
BASAL CELL CARCINOMAS
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS
MALIGNANT MELANOMAS
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
SLOW GROWING INVASIVE MALIGNAT TUMOR OF EPIDERMAL KERATINOCYTES
Keratinocytes > produce keratin > protective barrier for skin
keratin > keeps moisture in + microbes out
TYPES BCC
NODULAR > most common type
SUPERFICIAL
CYSTIC
MORPHEIC
KERATOTIC
PIGMENTED
RISK FACTORS FOR BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
UV EXPOSURE > sun bed
SKIN TYPE 1 > skin never turns + always burns
MALE
HX OF FREQUENT SUN BURN
INCREASED AGE
PREVIOUS SKIN CANCER
FAMILY HX OF SKIN CANCER
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION > HIV
DESCRIBE BCC LESION
SCAM
S > size/ shape > round
C > Colour > pearly pink
A > associated changes > telangiectasia, dry/ flaky
M > morphology > nodule/ papule/ central depression
M > margins > well defines + rolled edge
MOST COMMON > HEAD + NECK
MANAGEMENT OF BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
> cyrotherapy
topical photodynamic therapy
topical imiquimod
surgical excision + histology
radiotherapy
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
FAST growing invasive malignant tumor of epidermal keratinocytes > can metastasise
RISK FACTORS FOR SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
> sun exposure
genetics
hx of bowen disease > precancerous in-situ SCC
DIAGNOSIS FOR SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
> surgical excision > for histology > confirm dx
sentinel node biopsy > if high risk > further dx due to risk of metastasis
imaging
MANAGEMENT OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
> surgical excision
Mohs micrographic surgery > if high risk
radiotherapy > if lesion is large
chemotherpay > for metastatic
MALIGNANT MELANOMAS
INVASIVE MALIGNANT TUMOURS OF THE EPIDERMAL MELANOCYTE
MELANOCYTES > found in basal layer > produce pigment > melanin > absorb UV + prevent skin burning
non cancerous growth of melanocytes > MOLES = bening melanocytic nevi + freckles
TYPES OF MELANOMAS
SUPERFICIAL SPREADING
> young people
> arms, legs, back, chest
NODULAR
> erythamatous nodule
> red
> bleeds easily
LENTIGO MALIGNA
> less common
> older px
> sun exposure
ACRAL LENTIGINOUS
> rare
> pigmentation of nails, palms, soles of feet
DIAGNOSIS MALIGNANT MELANOMA
ABCD
> asymmetry
> border iregularity
> colour iregulary
> diamter more than 7mm
> palpate lymph nodes > malignant melanomas > metastasise
INVESTIGATION MALIGNANT MELANOMA
> surgical excision + histology
sentinel node biopsy
imaging
MANAGEMENT MALIGNANT MELANOMA
> wide local excision
with/ without lymphadenoectomy
radiotherapy
chemotherapy > if metastatic disease
