Malignant Disease Flashcards
π Most breast cancers arise from theβ¦
TDLU.
π A larger percentage of breast cancers are located in the __ quadrant.
upper outer
π The theory is that the ___ of the TDLU gives rise to hyperplasia.
normal epithelium
__ may give rise to cancer cell growth within the dut, known as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
aytpical hyperplasia
__ may give rise to invasive carcinoma which can __.
DCIS; metastasize to other organs
π __ is the most common cancer in women.
breast cancer (more often than colon uterine ovarian and cervical combined)
π Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, exceeded only byβ¦
lung cancer.
Women rarely get cancer before ageβ¦
30.
Male breast cancer makes up less than __% of the total
1%
π Breast cancer progression order (5)
- normal epithelium
- hyperplasia
- DCIS
- Invasive carcinoma
- Metastasis
One in every __ women will develop breast cancer.
8
The dramatic decrease in breast cancer cases from 2002 to 2003 was attributed toβ¦
the reduction in the use of HRT following the NIHβs study.
- Gender
- Age
- Family Hx of Breast cancer
- Personal Hx of Breast cancer
- Menstrual periods
- Childbearing
- Hormonal influence
- Personal Hx of cancer
- Biopsy finding of atypical hyperplasia
- Radiation therapy
- Obesity
Breast cancer risk factors
π This is the most significant risk factor for breast cancer.
gender
π This is the second strongest risk factor for breast cancer.
age
__% of patients with breast cancer have no family hx.
75%
BRCA genes mutations increase the risk of __ and __.
breast cancer; ovarian cancer
Early menarche/late menopause [increase/decrease] breast cancer risk.
increase
Nulliparity/late 1st pregnancy [increase/decrease] breast cancer risk.
increase
Use of oral contraceptive/HRT [increase/decrease] breast cancer risk.
increase
Healthy diet/exercise [increase/decrease] breast cancer risk.
decrease
The current 5-year survival rate for non-invasive breast cancer is __%.
98%
π This is the most common non-invasive cancer and the 2nd most common breast cancer overall.
DCIS
π DCIS arises from theβ¦
TDLU.
- arises from the TDLU
- usually confined to one lobe or segment
- a precursor to invasive ductal carcinoma
- will progress to invasive if not treated in 30-40%
- may not form a distinct tumor
- may have dilated ducts
- microcalcs are common
- best diagnosed by mammo
- is non-comedo or comedo
DCIS
This DCIS is low-grade, slow growing, and less aggressive.
non comedo
- makes up 40% of all DCIS
- carries a 10-fold risk for developing invasive carcinoma
- will be cribriform, micropapillary or solid
non comedo DCIS
perforated form (sieve-like) non comedo DCIS
cribriform
clumpy, along the wall - non comedo DCIS
micropapillary
occupies the entire lumen of the duct - non comedo DCIS
solid
This DCIS is high-grade, aggressive, and fast growing.
comedo
- makes up 60% of all DCIS
- high risk for developing invasive carcinoma
- central necrosis within the tumor (microcalcs)
- involves multiple ducts within a segment
- larger than non comedo
- may have micro-invasion
comedo DCIS
This is when cancer cells are found outside the duct with an intact basement membrane.
micro-invasion
- asymptomatic patient
- possible palpable mass
- possible nipple discharge
clinical features of DCIS
- π mass or no mass
- shadowing artifact
- architectural distortion
- possible duct dilation
- π possible microcalcs
sonographic DCIS
- mass or no mass
- clustered microcalcs
- linear, branch pattern of microcalcs
mammo DCIS
π This is the most effective imaging method for detecting DCIS (cause microcalcs).
mammo
- arises from the lobule
- affects premenopausal women
- tumor growth completely fills the lobule
- usually very small
- no palpable mass
- π bilateral and multicentric
- 10-fold risk of developing invasive carcinoma
- not associated with microcalcs
- difficult to detect on mammo and soon
- may be an incidental finding on biopsy
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)