MALIGNANCIES

Question 1

1. What chromosomal translocation is associated w/ Burkitt lymphoma?
2. Infection w/ which virus is associated w/ the development of Burkitt lymphoma? What type of virus is it?
3. What is the clinical presentation of Burkitt lymphoma?
4. What are the features of Burkitt lymphoma?

Answer 1

1. t(8:14)
2. Epstein-Barr virus;
   A type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma arising from neoplastic proliferation of mature B cells; characterized by the translocation and deregulation of the MYC gene on chromosome 8

Question 1

1. What are the common genetic markers for diffuse large B cell lymphoma?
2. What are the common histopathologic features of diffuse large B cell lymphoma?
3. What is the key pathophysiologic feature of diffuse large B cell lymphoma?

Answer 1

1. CD19, CD20, and CD79a cell surface markers are typical of DLBCL and show the cells to be of B-cell lineage.
2. highly atypical large lymphoma cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli
3. diffuse proliferation of large neoplastic B cells.

Question 2

2. What is the pathophysiologic involvement of the kidneys in MM?
3. What common electrolyte disturbances does Multiple Myeloma cause?

Answer 2

2. The renal failure of multiple myeloma is mostly due to tubular precipitation of large casts composed of immunoglobulin light chains from Bence-Jones proteins (filtered immunoglobulin light chains) that precipitate in the tubules and induce an inflammatory reaction. The filtered light chains are also reabsorbed by the proximal tubule and can rarely cause proximal tubule dysfunction (Fanconi syndrome), which is characterized by renal loss of glucose, bicarbonate, phosphate, and amino acids and consequent proximal (type II) renal tubular acidosis.
3. hypercalcemia, due to the osteolysis of bone

Question 3

What stains can we use to differentiate between ALL and AML?

Answer 3

sudan black stain + myeloperoxidase stains
- ALL will be negative for both, while AML will be positive

Question 4

ALL is associated with _____ genetic mutations

Answer 4

philadelphia chromosome (worse prognosis)
t(12:21) (better prognosis)

Question 5

CML is associated with ___ genetic mutation

Answer 5

philadelphia (9:22)

Question 6

What cells does ALL affect?

Answer 6

common lymphoid (B cell) progenitor cells

Question 7

What cells does AML affect?

Answer 7

common myeloid progenitor cells

Question 8

AML is characterized by what laboratory observations?

Answer 8

anemia
thrombocytopenia
leukopenia
accumulation of myeloblasts (hypofunctioning due to maturation defect)

Question 9

Which leukemic conditions are associated with cell maturation defects?

Answer 9

AML, ALL

Question 10

AML is associated with ___ genetic mutation

Answer 10

t(15:17)