Mali

Question 1

Challenges to territorial integrity: separatism and coups

Answer 1

The Tuareg declared independence for Azawad, an area which has been marginalised by the Bamako based government.

Coup in 2012 in this region due to disatisfaction with the governance of this region

Question 2

Challenges to territorial integrity: terrorism

Answer 2

Rapid growth in insurgency from armed groups with links to Al-Qaeda and Islamic State
- have launched serious attacks on regional military forces, UN and French peacekeeping forces

Question 3

Challenges to territorial integrity: extremist activity attacking services

Answer 3

Schools have been targetted which reduces access to education and increases vulnerability to sex exploitation and forced labour.

Health facilities have been destroyed

Question 4

Global governance: NGOs

Answer 4

Examples: Care, Oxfam international and MSF

NGOs work to reduce food insecurity, poverty and gender inequality as well as providing medical aid

Question 5

Global governance: UNICEF

Answer 5

Works to protect the rights of the child against child marriage and improves health, hygiene and education

Question 6

Global governance: WFP

Answer 6

Works towards food security and operates UN humanitarian air service for access to remote communities

Question 7

Global governance: Sahel Alliance

Answer 7

Includes World Bank, EU, UNDP and African development bank.

Works to provide a coordinated response to development/security issues faced by G5 sahel countries

Question 8

Opportunities to increase stability by…..

Answer 8

Preserving Mali’s territorial integrity, restoring sovereign state control and rule of law in the north

Protecting civilians and communities through improved security and reduction of terrorist activity

Question 9

Opportunities to achieve growth by….

Answer 9

Strengthening governance of mining sector for economic growth (gold is the main export)

Encouraging youth training schemes to provide skills that will lead to employment

Question 10

Opportunities to further development by….

Answer 10

Improving health facilities, reducing malnutrition and food insecurity

Increasing school enrolment and retention, reducing attacks on schools from terrorist groups

Question 11

Challenges to reduce inequality: poverty

Answer 11

Mali is one of the poorest countries with a GDP of just $2569

High levels of income/social inequality between the poorly funded north and the south

Question 12

Challenges to resolving injustices

Answer 12

Government unable to protect civilians from human rights abuses like child marriage and gender based violence

Poor access to education resulting in low adult literacy rates

Poor female representation in the National Assembly so very few women are involved in decision making