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ESA 4 - The Reproductive System > Male Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What structures make up the male reproductive tract?

A 
Scrotum
Testis
Spermatic cord
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Penis
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2
Q

What is the scrotum?

And what does it contain?

A 
A cutaneous sac
Developed from labioscrotal folds
Contents:
- Testis
- Epididymis
- Spermatic cord (first part)
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3
Q

Describe the testis.

A

A series of tubules
Organised into lobules by fibrous septae
Surrounded by tunica vaginalis
Enclosed by tunica albuginea

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4
Q

Describe the descent of the testis.

A

Gonads develop within the mesonephric ridge
Descend through the abdomen
Testes cross the inguinal canal
Testes exit the anterio-lateral abdominal wall

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5
Q

What is the blood supply and venous drainage of the testis?

A 
Arterial:
- Direct branches of abdominal aorta
Venous drainage:
- Right testicular vein - IVC
- Left testicular vein - left renal vein
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6
Q

Describe the epididymis.

A 
A tightly coiled tube connecting the testis to the vas deferens
It has a:
Head
Body
Tail

Connects to seminiferous tubules via efferent ductules and rete testis

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7
Q

What is the spermatic cord?

A

It is a cord containing structures running to and from testis:

  • Neurovascular structures
  • Duct system

From:
- Deep inguinal ring, lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
To:
- Posterior border of testis
Via:
- Inguinal canal & superficial inguinal ring

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8
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

A 
Neurovascular:
- Testicular artery, cremasteric artery, artery to vas
- Pampiniform plexus
- Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Vas deferens
Lymphatic's
Processus vaginalis
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9
Q

What are the coverings of the spermatic cord?

A

External spermatic fascia
- (remnant of Aponeurosis of external oblique)
Cremasteric muscle & fascia
- Internal oblique & transversalis
Internal spermatic fascia
- Transversalis fascia

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10
Q

What are some of the clinical problems the scrotum can obtain?

A

Hydrocele - serous fluid in tunica vaginalis
Haematocele - blood in tunica vaginalis
Varicocoele - varicosities of Pampiniform plexus
Spermatocoele - aka epididymal cyst
Epididymitis - inflammation of the epididymis

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11
Q

How do you detect what fluid is affecting the scrotum?

A

Transillumination

- Pass a light through

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12
Q

What are the two types of inguinal hernia?

A

Direct

Indirect

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13
Q

What is the developmental basis of an indirect hernia?

A

Reopening of the process vaginalis

Potential continuity between peritoneal cavity and tunica vaginalis
- i.e. between the abdomen & scrotum

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14
Q

What is testicular torsion?

And what is the clinical relevance?

A

Twisting of the testicles
Twisting normally occurs just above upper pole
There is a risk of necrosis due to compression of neurovascular supply.

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15
Q

Summarise the innervation of testis and scrotum.

A

Lumbar plexus
- Anterior surface
Sacral plexus
- Posterior and inferior surfaces

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16
Q

Summarise the lymphatic drainage of the testis and scrotum.

A

Testis
- Drains to paraaortic nodes
Scrotum
- Drains to superficial inguinal nodes

17
Q

What is the ductus (vas) deferens?

A

They transport sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

18
Q

What is the course of the ductus (vas) deferens?

A 
Ascends in spermatic cord
Traverses inguinal canal
Tracks around pelvic side wall
Passes between bladder and ureter
Forms dilated ampulla
Opens into ejaculatory duct
19
Q

What are the seminal vesicles?

A

Lie between the bladder & rectum
Not a storage site
Diverticulum of vas deferens
Secretion account for 70-80% volume of ejaculate
Duct of SV combines with VD to form ejaculatory duct

20
Q

What is the prostate?

A

A Fibromuscular gland

Very important anatomical relationships:

  • Base - neck of bladder
  • Apex - urethra; sphincter & deep perineal muscles
  • Posterior - ampulla of rectum
  • Infero-lateral - levator ani
21
Q

Describe the penis.

A

Consists of a root, body and glans
Internal structure consists of:
- Pair of corpora cavernosa dorsally
- A single corpus spongiosum ventrally

Supplied by branches of internal pudendal artery

22
Q

Describe the blood supply to the perineum.

A

Internal pudendal artery which is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery

23
Q

What are the muscles of the penis/male perineum?

A 
Bulbospongiosus
- Helps expel last drops of urine
- Helps maintain erection
Ischiocavernosus
- Compresses veins, therefore helps maintain erection
24
Q

What are the parts of the male urethra?

A

Pre-prostatic
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy

25
Q

Which part of the urethra is least distensible?

And why is this clinically relevant?

A

Membranous

When inserting a catheter it is hardest when it reaches membranous portion of urethra

ESA 4 - The Reproductive System (24 decks)

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