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Anatomy Reproductive System > Male Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are parts of Male internal genital organs?

A
  1. Testes (singular: testis)
  2. Epididymides (singular: epididymis)
  3. Duct deference’s (singular: duct deferents)
  4. Seminal glands
  5. Ejaculatory ducts
  6. Prostate gland
  7. Bulbo-urethral glands
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2
Q

What are parts of male external genital organ include?

A
  1. Distal urethra
  2. Scrotum
  3. Penis
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3
Q

What is the definition of the testes?

A

Male gonad, reproductive gland. Also an endocrine gland

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4
Q

Where is the testis located?

A

It is suspended in the scrotum (a cutaneous sac) by spermatic cord

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5
Q

What is the function of the testis?

A
  1. Produce sperms (spermatozoa-male gamete)

2. Produce male hormones (testosterone)

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6
Q

What is true about the left testis?

A

It is slightly lower than the right testis

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7
Q

What covers the testis?

A

It is covered by visceral layer of tunica vaginalis

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8
Q

Is a closed peritoneal sac, part of processes vaginalis (peritoneal cavity) of the fetus that precedes the descent of testes into scrotal sac

A

Tunica vaginalis

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9
Q

Is a part of cavity of tunica vaginalis between body of the epididymis and posterolsteral surface of the testis

A

Sinus of the epididymis

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10
Q

What is the function of serous fluid between visceral and partial layers of the tunica vaginalis?

A

Allow free movement of the testis

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11
Q

Tough outer fibrous layer covering the testicular tissue?

A

Tunica Albuginea

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12
Q

What do we call the thickening in the posterior aspect of the tunica albuginea ?

A

Mediastinum testis

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13
Q

What produces sperms in the testis?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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14
Q

What connect the seminiferous tubules to rete testis in mediastinum?

A

Straight tubules

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15
Q

Is a network of tubules in the mediastinum testis?

A

Rete testis

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16
Q

Connect the rete testis to the head of the epididymis

A

Efferent ductules

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17
Q

What is the blood supply of the testis?

A

Testicular artery

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18
Q

From where the testicular artery arises?

A

The testicular artery arise from the anterolateral aspect of the abdominal aorta, just inferior to renal arteries

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19
Q

How the testicular arteries enter the testis?

A

Through the spermatic cord

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20
Q

What is the course of testicular arteries?

A

Posterior abdominal wall —>
Deep inguinal ring —>
Inguinal canal —>
Superficial inguinal ring —> spermatic cord

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21
Q

Does the testicular artery anastomoses and with what?

A

Testicular artery or it’s branch anastomoses with artery of ductus deferens

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22
Q

What is the venous drainage of the testis?

A

Testicular veins and veins of epididymis form the —> pamoiniform of venous plexus, in the spermatic cord

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23
Q

What is part of the thermoregulatory system of testis?

A

Pampiniform of venous plexus

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24
Q

Veins of pampiniform of plexus joins to form what?

A

It forms testicular vein

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25
Q

Where the right testicular vein drains?

A

Into inferior vena cava, just bellow the renal vein

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26
Q

Where does the left testicular vein drains ?

A

Into the left renal vein

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27
Q

Enlargement of pampiniform of plexus of veins?

A

Varicocele

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28
Q

What is the lymphatics of testis?

A

To right and left lumbar (cabal/ aortic)

Preaortic lymph nodes —> at the level of the origin of testicular artery

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29
Q

What is the nerve supply of the testis?

A
  1. Testicular plexus of nerves —> on testicular artery
  2. Parasympathetic —> from vagus nerve (parasympathetic efferent and visceral afferents)
  3. Sympathetic: T10-11 segment of the spinal cord (Vasomotor)
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30
Q

What are male gonads?

A

Testis

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31
Q

Cutaneous bag protects the testis?

A

Scrotum

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32
Q

Component of the male productive system that stores and maturation of the sperms happening within that structure?

A

Epididymis

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33
Q

Is a common transport of the urine and semen?

A

Distal urethra

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34
Q

How many parts the penis has?

A

Has 2 parts:

Free part and root of the penis (the root is present in the perineal region). It is the organ of intercourse

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35
Q

Ducts that transports the sperms from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

A

Ductus deferens

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36
Q

Formed by ductus deference and duct from seminal glands (sometimes called seminal vesicles)

A

Ejaculatory duct

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37
Q

Where is the testis located?

A

Located within this cutaneous/ skin bag (the scrotum)

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38
Q

What is posterior to the testes?

A

Epididymis

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39
Q

What is superior to testes?

A

Spermatic cord

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40
Q

What are parts of epididymis?

A

Head
Body
Tail

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41
Q

Talk about the tail of epididymis?

A

The tail of epididymis is continuous as the ductus deference and it passes through the inguinal canal in the anterior abdominal wall and then it enters the pelvic cavity crossing the external iliac vessels then
Then it runs in the lateral pelvic wall and reaches the posterior surface of Urinary bladder, then it forms the ampulla and joins the duct coming from the seminal vesicle together forming the ejaculatory duct and that ejaculatory duct passing through the prostate gland then it continues with urethra that lead to the external genital organ (root of the penis and the body of the penis) to the distal part of urethra

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42
Q

What is the pathway of sperm movement?

A

Tail of epididymis —> ductus deference —> passing the inguinal canal —> anterior abdominal wall —> enters the pelvic cavity crossing the external iliac vessels —> runs in the lateral pelvic wall —> reaches the posterior surface of urinary bladder —> firms the ampulla —> joins the duct coming from the seminal vesicles —> forming ejaculatory duct —> ejaculatory duct passing through the prostate gland —> continues with the urethra —> external genital organs

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43
Q

Why is it called urogenital system?

A

Bcz the distal part of the urethra (there is prostatic urethra and spongy urethra) they are common for urinary system and genital system

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44
Q

What part of the testes secretes testosterone?

A

It is secreted by interstitial cells of leydig cells and other cells in the testis

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45
Q

Why is the testis located outside the abdominal cavity?

A

Because spermatogenesis needs a lower temperature than the body temperature

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46
Q

Is a triangular opening in the external oblique muscles?

A

Superficial inguinal ring

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47
Q

What emerges from the superficial inguinal ring?

A

Spermatic cord —> spermatic cord has several layer

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48
Q

What suspends the testis within the scrotal sac?

A

Spermatic cord

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49
Q

What structures the spermatic cord contains?

A
  1. Vas deference
  2. Pampiniform plexus of veins (which drain the testes)
  3. Testicular artery —> along the ductus deference we can see the artery to the ductus deference
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50
Q

What suspends the structures within the spermatic cord?

A

All these structures are surrounded by several layers which are derived from the anterior abdominal wall surrounded by several layers which are derived from the anterior abdominal wall ( particularly the aponeurosis of the external oblique and internal oblique muscles and the fascia covering the inner aspect of the abdominal wall (fascia transversal is) —>
These layers of the spermatic cord extends to the croton forming the coverings of the testes

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51
Q

Why is the surface of the testes smooth?

A

This is bcz it is covered by visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis

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52
Q

Is the layer derived from the processes vaginalis which is part of the peritoneal cavity which passes through the inguinal canal before the descents of the testes?

A

Tunica vagjnalis

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53
Q

How many layers the tunica vaginalis has?

A

It has two layers :
Visceral
Parietal

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54
Q

What two muscles regulate the temperature of testes? And how?

A
  1. Dartos muscle —> makes the skin contract in cold weather
  2. Cremaster muscle —> contracts and bring the testis closer to the body in cold temperature
    Net effect: —> maintain temperature of testis
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55
Q

What covers tunica albuginea?

A

Tunica vaginalis

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56
Q

What covers the inner aspect of several scrotal layers?

A

The parietal layer of tunica vaginalis

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57
Q

What lines the inner part of scrotal sac?

A

Parietal part of tunica vaginalis

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58
Q

Why is the testis movable inside the cavity of tunica vaginalis?

A

Because of serous fluid

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59
Q

What separate two scrotal sacs?

A

They are separated from each other by median septum

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60
Q

What we see within each lobule?

A

We have the seminiferous tubules

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61
Q

What is the end of seminiferous tubules?

A

Straight tubules

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62
Q

What does straight tubules unite to form?

A

Rete testis

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63
Q

After rete testes what we will have?

A

Efferent ductules of tested

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64
Q

Is a single tubular duct coiled several times within the scrotum
It is the the coiled part of ductus deference

A

Epididymis

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65
Q

Is a structure that mainly contains a plexus of veins called the pampiniform plexus of veins
Ductus deference
Testicular artery —> supplying the testes and epididymis

A

Spermatic cord

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66
Q

Why is the artery of the testis a branch of abdominal aorta?

A

Because the testis first was in the abdomen then it descende d

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67
Q

What surrounds the testicular artery?

A

It is surrounded by plexus of lymphatics

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68
Q

If the testicular artery is blocked will the testis still get blood supply?
And how and why?

A

Yes, it will still get blood supply because it anastomoses with the artery to ductus deference

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69
Q

Testicular veins explain the concept?

A

The testicular veins and veins of epididymis form the pampiniform of venous plexus.

Initially if you look at the posterior border of the testes several veins will be located but as u go up through the spermatic cord some of them unit.
So as they go up the spermatic cord, 4-3 networks will become 3-w then they finally by the tune they enter the superficial inguinal ring there will be 1 testicular vein that passes the inguinal canal

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70
Q

Which of the following give arterial supply to the testis?

a. Abdominal aorta
b. Internal iliac artery
c. Common iliac artery
d. External iliac artery

A

A. Abdominal aorta

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71
Q 
A patient was examined with a left-sided varicocele; the left testicular vein drains into which of the following?
A. Left renal vein 
B. Left internal iliac vein 
C. Left external iliac vein 
D. Inferior vena cava
A

A.left renal vein

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72
Q

Elongated structure on the posterior surface of the testis?

A

Epididymis

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73
Q

What is the number, site, and shape of the testis?

A

Number —> one on each side
Site —> posterolateral to testis
Shape —> comma shaped

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74
Q

What are the definitions and parts of the epididymis?

A

It is a coiled tubular structure which is formed of?
A. Head
B. Body
C. Tail

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75
Q

What is the function of the epididymis?

A

Sperms are stored and continue and to mature

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76
Q

What does the tail of epididymis continues as?

A

Tail of epididymis continues as ductus deferns

77
Q

It is continuation of the duct of the epididymis, it continues as ducts deference/ vas deferens

A

Tail of the epididymis

78
Q

Consists of convoluted duct of epididymis?

A

Body of the epididymis

79
Q

Composed of lobules, formed by coiled ends of efferent ductules (12-14) of the rete testis?

A

Head

80
Q

Where is the sperm formed?

A

In seminiferous tubules

81
Q

Where the final maturation of the sperms occur?

A

Final maturation happens in the epididymis particularly in the head and body and tail of epididymis and also contributes to ductus deferens

82
Q

What is the blood supply of the epididymis/ venous drainage/ lymphatics?

A

Like testis

83
Q

Which of the following is the main function of epididymis?

A. Supports the testis
B. Storage of sperms
C. Production of sperms
D. Secretion of testosterone

A

B. Storage of sperm

84
Q

Where are lobules located in the testis?

A

In the head of the epididymis

85
Q

What is another name for ductus deferens ?

A

Vas deferens

86
Q

Is a continuation of the duct of the epididymis?

A 
Ductus deferens 
(Vas deferens)
87
Q

Has relatively thick muscular wall?

A

Vas deference

88
Q

Begins at the tail of the epididymis, at the inferior pole of the testis

A

Vas deference

89
Q

It is the primary component of the spermatic cord

A

Vas deference

90
Q

Primary component of the spermatic cord that passes through the superficial inguinal ring , inguinal canal, and deep inguinal ring

A

Ductus deferens (vas deferens)

91
Q

How I know the vas deference in the spermatic cord?

A

It has thick muscular wall and very narrow lumen (felt as cord like structure)

92
Q

What is the beginning and termination of vas deference?

A

Beginning: it begins at the tail of the epididymis
Termination: it unites with the duct of seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct

93
Q

What is the course of the vas deference?

A
  1. Intrascrotal part
  2. Intrainguinal part
  3. A part on the side wall of the pelvis
  4. A part between the urinary bladder and the rectum
94
Q

What is the blood supply of the vas deference?

A

Artery from the vas deferens ( from the inferior vesicle artery)

95
Q

What is the venous drainage of the vas deferens?

A

It drains into the venous blood into the testicular vein

96
Q

What is the function of the vas deferns?

A

It carries the sperms from the epididymis to ejaculatory duct

97
Q 
Concerning the vas deference all are true except?
A. It is medial to the epididymis 
2. It is lateral to seminal vesicle 
3. It is about 45 cm long 
4. It has retroperitoneal course
A
  1. Is the wrong answer —> it lies medial to the seminal vesicle not lateral
98
Q

What does the vas deference crosses?

A

It crosses over the external iliac vessels and enters the lesser pelvis

99
Q

In the lateral pelvic wall what is the relation of the vas deference to parietal peritoneum?

A

It passes along the lateral pelvic wall external to parietal peritoneum

100
Q

What is the relation of the vas deference to ureter?

A

It crosses superior to ureter near the posterlateral angles of the urinary bladder

101
Q

Just before joint the seminal vesicle what happens to the vas deference?

A

It enlarges to form ampulla of ductus deferns

102
Q

How the vas deference ends?

A

It ends by joining the duct of seminal glands to form ejaculatory duct

103
Q

It is a male surgical procedure for sterilization?

A

Vasectomy

104
Q

Describe vasectomy procedure?

A

They open a small skin incision above the scrotum and then they identify the spermatic cord and find the ductus deference and cut them then ligaments them, so then sperms produced in the testicles are not passing through the ductus deferens to the urethra, so they degenerate within the remaining part of the duct and within the epididymis.

Even if intercourse happens fertilization will not happen

105
Q

It contains the structures running to and from the testis, and suspends the testis in the scrotum?

A

Spermatic cord

106
Q

From where the spermatic cord begins and where it ends?

A

Begins at the deep inguinal ring and ends ends in the scrotum at the posterior border of the testis
It passes through the inguinal canal, superficial inguinal ring

107
Q

What are the coverings of the spermatic cord?

A
  1. Internal spermatic fascia —> derived from transversalis fascia
  2. Cremasteric fascia —> from the fascia covering both superficial and deep surfaces of the internal oblique muscle of the abdominal wall
  3. External spermatic fascia: External oblique aponeurosis and it’s investing fascia
108
Q

From external oblique aponeurosis and it’s investing fascia?

A

External spermatic fascia

109
Q

From the fascia covering both superficial and deep surfaces of the internal oblique muscle of the abdominal wall

A

Cremasteric fascia

110
Q

Derived from transversalis fascia

A

Internal spermatic fascia

111
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

A
  1. Cremasteric muscle
  2. Ductus deferns
  3. Testicular artery
  4. Artery of ductus deferns
  5. Cremasteric artery
  6. Pampiniform venous plexus
  7. Sympathetic nerve plexus and parasympathetic nerves
  8. Lymphatic vessels
  9. Vestige of processes vaginalis
112
Q

Cremasteric artery is a branch of what?

A

From inferior epigastric artery

113
Q

From where the testicular artery?

A

From the abdominal aorta —> supplied testis and epididymis

114
Q

Muscular tube about 45 cm in length conveys sperms from the epididymis to ejaculatory duct

A

Ductus deferns

115
Q

It is a muscle derived from the internal oblique muscle layer attached to inguinal ligament

A

Cremasteric muscle

116
Q

What does cremasteric fascia contains?

A

Cremastric fascia contains loops of cremastric muscle

117
Q

What innervated the cremastric muscle?

A

Innervated by genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (L1, L2)

118
Q

What is the function of cremastric muscle?

A

Reflexively draws the testis superiorly into the scrotum, in response to cold = thermoregulatioj

119
Q

What is cremastric reflux?

A

When u touch the upper medial side of the thigh —> scrotum jumps

Stroking the skin causes the cremastric muscle to contract and pull up the ipsilateral testicle toward the inguinal canal

120
Q

Accumulation of fluid in testes

A

Hydrocele of testis

121
Q

Fluid in the spinal cord in the testis

A

Hydrocele of the spermatic cord

122
Q

Blood in the testis

A

Hematocele of testis

123
Q

Twisting of the spermatic cord

A

Torsion of spermatic cord

124
Q

Cranial end of paramesonephric duct

A

Appendix of testis

125
Q

Cranial end of medonephric duct

A

Appendix of epididymis

126
Q

Fluid will contain the spermatozoa

A

Spermatocele

127
Q

Small cavity cyst like structure in relation to the epididymis

A

Epididymis cyst

128
Q

Elongated structure (about 5cm), lies between the fungus of the bladder and rectum

A

Seminal glands

129
Q

Where is the seminal glands located?

A

Placed obliquely superior to the prostate

130
Q

Does the seminal glands (seminal vesicles) store sperms?

A

Do not store sperms

131
Q

What is the function of the seminal glands?

A

They secrete thick alkaline fluid with fructose and a coagulating agent that mixes with sperm as they pass into the ejaculatory ducts and urethra

132
Q

What happens in the seminal glands?

A

Duct of seminal gland joins the duct of the ductus deference to form ejaculatory duct

133
Q

When does the seminal glands release its contents?

A

Only during the process us of ejaculation under stimulation of autonomic sympathetic

134
Q

Superior end of the seminal glands are covered with?

A

Peritoneum (rectovesicle pouch)

135
Q

What is the inferior to the seminal glands?

A

Inferior part is related to rectum

136
Q

Where is the seminal vesicle located?

A

It is located in the posterior surface of the bladder and anterior aspect aspect of rectum

137
Q

What is important that seminal vesicle opens up into the peritoneal cavity particularly the rectovesicle pouch?

A

The importance in that, if there is pus in the seminal vesicle it can open to the peritoneum cavity by buldging and rupturing into the leading to infections in the peritoneal cavity

138
Q

Are slender tubes that arise by union of ductus deference’s and duct of seminal vesicle

A

Ejaculatory duct

139
Q

Where is the ejaculatory duct?

A

It is about 2.5cm in length, arise near the neck of the bladder, and run close together as they pass anterioinferioly through the posterior part of the prostate gland

140
Q

Where the ejaculatory duct?

A

Open into prostatic part of the urethra on the seminal colliculus

141
Q

From the artery of the ductus deferens?

A

From the superior/ inferior vesicle artery

142
Q

With what the ductus deference anastomoses?

A

Anastomoses with testicular artery posterior testis

143
Q

Where the ductus deferens vein drain?

A

Testicular vein

144
Q

Where the terminal portion of the veins drain of the ductus deferns ?

A

Veins from terminal portion drain into vesicular/ prostatic plexus of veins

145
Q

What is the artery of the seminal glands or seminal vesicles?

A

Inferior vesicle artery

Middle rectal

146
Q

What are the veins of the seminal glands?

A

Accompany the arteries

147
Q

What are the arteries of the ejaculatory Duct?

A

Artery to the ductus deferns (branch of superior vesicle)

148
Q

What is the venous of ejaculatory duct?

A

Join prostatic vein

Vesicle plexus of veins

149
Q

Superior and inferior vesicle artery from where?

A

Branches of the internal iliac artery

150
Q

What do the superior / inferior vesicle artery supply?

A

They supply all these pelvic organs like the ampulla, seminal vesicles, and prostate

151
Q

It is a structure approximately 3cm long, 4 cm wide, 2 cm anteriorposterior depth
Surrounds the prostatic urethra

A

Prostate gland

152
Q

What is the composition of prostate gland?

A

2/3 glandular

1/3 fibromuscular

153
Q

Is dense and neurovascular, incorporating prostatic plexus of veins and nerves?

A

Fibrous capsule of prostate

154
Q

Is a structure located in the lower part of the pelvic cavity bellow the neck of the urinary bladder and above the pelvic diaphragm and external urethral sphincter.
It surround the prostatic urethra
Glandular 2/3
Fibromuscular 1/3 particularly the anterior (isthmus part of the gland )

A

Prostate gland

155
Q

How many capsules the prostate has?

A

The prostate has two capsule true and false

156
Q

From where the false capsule and from where the true capsule?

A

The false capsule —> pelvic fascia

True capsule —> from the condensation of the the gland itself

157
Q

What is located between the true and false capsule?

A

Venous plexus

158
Q

When the dr remove the prostate what will he keep?

A

When the dr remove the prostate he will keep the true capsule ‘ false capsule venous plexus so the urine pass there

159
Q

Where is the base the prostate gland?

A

Related to the neck of the bladder

160
Q

Where the apex of the prostate gland located?

A

In contract with fascia on the superior aspect of the external urethral sphincter and deep perineal muscles

161
Q

What is the anteriorinferior surfer ever of the prostate?

A

Related to pubic symphysis (retroperitoneal fat and retro pubic space)

162
Q

What is prostate of the gland?

A

Related to ampulla of the rectum

163
Q

What is inferiorlateral surface of prostate gland?

A

Lavator ani muscle

164
Q

What will affect the urine passing which part of the prostate hypertrophy?

A

Medial lobe

165
Q

What is the characteristic of the isthmus?

A

Isthmus part is mainly fibromuscular, there is no glandular tissue

166
Q

Where the whole of the glandular tissue of the prostate located?

A

It is present in the posterior lateral part of the gland

167
Q

How can we divide the prostate gland?

A

We can divide the prostate into glands and lobules

168
Q

What are the lobules of the prostate gland?

A

Inferiorposterior lobule
Inferiorlateral lobule
Superior medial lobule
Anteriormedial lobule

169
Q

To where the middle (median) lobe projects?

A

Median lobe projects into the urinalysis bladder as uvula

170
Q

What are the zones of the prostate gland?

A

Prostate gland can be divided into peripheral and central zones

171
Q

Where the prostatic ducts?

A

20-30 ducts open into prostatic sinuses on either side of seminal colliculus

172
Q

What is the fluid of the prostate?

A

Prostatic fluid —> thin, milky fluid, provides approximately 20% of the volume of semen

173
Q

What is the function of the prostatic fluid?

A

Plays a role in activating the sperms

174
Q

What is the blood vessels of the prostate?

A

Prostatic arteries

175
Q

What is the prostatic arteries arise from?

A

Inferior vesicle artery

176
Q

What is the venous drainage of the prostate?

A

Join prostatic and vesicle plexus of veins

177
Q

What I can u feel in the rectal examination?

A

Seminal vesicle and prostate

178
Q

How can we differentiate between the prostate and seminal vesicle?

A

Prostate —> hard and low

Seminal vesicle —> is soft and above the prostate gland

179
Q

Is a structure that lies posteriolateral to intermediate apart of urethra?

A

Bulburethtal gland

180
Q

What is another name for the bulbourethral gland?

A

Cowper glands

181
Q

Where is the bulburethral gland located?

A

Embedded within the external urethral sphincter

182
Q

Where the ducts of the gland of the bulbourethral gland?

A

Ducts of the gland pass through the perineal membrane, and open to proximal part of the spongy urethra in bulb of the penis

183
Q

What is the function of the bulbourethral gland?

A

Mucous like secretion enters urethra during sexual arousal

184
Q

Where the bulburethral gland located?

A

Present within the external urethral sphincter or in the deep perineal pouch

185
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic innervation of the male internal genital organs?

A

During orgasm- Sympathetic stimulates contraction of internal urethral sphincter to prevent retrograde ejaculation

  • simulataneously it stimulates peristaltic- like contractions of the ductus deferns, contraction and secretion from seminal glands, prostate that provide vehicle and force to discharge sperms during ejaculation
  • the function of the sympathetic is a vasomotor and acts on the musculature
186
Q

Is there parasympathetic function?

A

Function of parasympathetic system is unclear

187
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation

A 
T12-L2 
Course —>
Paravertral ganglia 
Lumbar splanchnic nerves 
Hypogastric plexus 
Pelvic plexus
188
Q

What is the parasympathetic of the prostate gland?

A

S2-3

Course —>
pelvic splanchnic nerve
Inferior hypogastric plexuses

Anatomy Reproductive System (7 decks)

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