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HUBS192 Reproductive system > Male reproductive system > Flashcards

Male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

what bones make up pelvis

A

sacrum + ilium + ischium + pubis + coccyx

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2
Q

joints of pelvis

A

acetabulum (hip bone + femur), sacroiliac (sacrum + ilium) and pubic symphysis (pelvis + femur)

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3
Q

pelvic inlet

A

top of pelvic bone - open, always larger than outlet

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4
Q

pelvic outlet

A

bottom of pelvic bone, closed by muscles

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5
Q

subdivisions of pelvis

A

false/greater and true/lesser

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6
Q

features of false/greater pelvis

A

Superior region, Above pelvic inlet, Contains GI tract

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7
Q

features of true/lesser pelvis

A

Inferior region, Between inlet and outlet, Contains internal reproductive organs

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8
Q

female pelvis

A

Broader subpubic angle, Oval inlet, Straighter coccyx - facilitate childbirth

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9
Q

male pelvis

A

Narrower subpubic angle, Heart shaped inlet, Curved coccyx

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10
Q

pelvic floor muscles + openings

A

Two muscles: levator ani (ant.) and coccygeus (post.). Openings are urethra, anal canal and vagina (in females)

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11
Q

perineum

A

Region inferior to the pelvic floor and between upper region of the thighs. Contains external genitalia and anus

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12
Q

urogenital triangle

A

anterior, urethral/vaginal opening and external genitalia

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13
Q

anal triangle

A

posterior, anal canal and fat

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14
Q

male reproductive tract

A

Testes –> Epididymis –> Ductus (vas) deferens –> Ejaculatory duct –> Urethra

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15
Q

what does scrotum contain

A

2 testes; 2 spermatic cords; arteries and veins

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16
Q

function of testes

A

produce sperm, testosterone and inhibin

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17
Q

what surrounds testes

A

dense fibrous capsule called tunica albuginea which invaginates into testes to form seminiferous tubules in which sperm is produced

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18
Q

structure of seminiferous tubules

A

Testes have lobules containing seminiferous tubules. Tubules join to form rete testis. Join to form ductules leading to epididymis

19
Q

cells in seminiferous tubules and what they produce

A

Leydig cells produce testosterone. Sertoli cells produce inhibin. Spermatogenic cells produce spermatozoa

20
Q

blood-testis barrier

A

sertoli cells joined by tight junctions to form a lining around inside of seminiferous tubules

21
Q

features of epididymis

A

Sperm enter from seminiferous tubules and exit via ductus deferens.

Site of sperm maturation. By the time sperm exits, sperm is fully capable of swimming and fertilising

Very long when unravelled (60m)

22
Q

features of ductus deferens

A

In spermatic cord

Covered by smooth muscle - for ejaculation

Runs behind urinary bladder

Dilates to form ampulla

Storage site for sperm

23
Q

structure of spermatic cord

A

One on each side

Runs between abdomen and testes

Contains:

  • ductus deferens
  • blood vessels - testicular arteries and veins
  • nerves
  • lymphatics
24
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

Formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla

Opens in the prostatic urethra

25
Q

structure of male urethra

A

Epithelium changes: transitional, columnar, stratified squamous

3 sections: prostatic, membranous, penile/spongy urethra

2 sphincters:

  • External: skeletal muscle, voluntary control of urination
  • Internal: detrusor muscle
26
Q

function of internal sphincter

A

Closes bladder thus ensures sperm ejaculated through the urethra

Retrograde ejaculation: sphincter doesn’t close, therefore sperm ends up in bladder

27
Q

2 functions of penis

A

urination and copulation

28
Q

two types of erectile tissue in penis

A
  1. 2 corpora cavernosa - main erectile tissue, dorsally located
  2. 1 corpus spongiosum - contains urethra, forms bulb and glans, ventrally located when erect
29
Q

muscles in scrotum

A

Dartos lines scrotum and cremaster holds testes

30
Q

function of dartos muscle

A

smooth muscle that contracts to wrinkle skin to make scrotum smaller so less SA for heat exchange, when its cold

31
Q

function of cremaster muscle

A

come from inside and contract to draw testes up into body for heat conservation

32
Q

structure of seminal vesicle

A

2 of them

Location = Posterior to bladder and lateral to ampulla or ductus deferens

Merges with ampulla to form ejac duct

33
Q

function of seminal vesicle

A

Produce viscous secretion - 60% of semen, fructose to nourish sperm, alkaline pH to protect against acidic vagina

34
Q

function of prostate gland

A

Produces secretion - 30% of semen; slightly acidic, milky fluid containing enzymes (PSA - prostate specific antigen); contains citrate to nourish sperm; contributes to sperm activation, viability and motility

35
Q

location of bulbourethral glands

A

2 glands located in the urogenital diaphragm - part of pelvic floor

Ducts open into spongy/penile urethra

36
Q

function of bulbourethral glands

A

Contribute 5% of semen volume

Secretions lubricate and wash out urinary acids in urethra prior to ejaculation

37
Q

process of spermatogenesis

A
  1. During development, spermatogonia migrate from yolk sac to testes and remain dormant until puberty
  2. At puberty, spermatogonia divide by mitosis into type A and type B spermatogonia
  3. Type B spermatogonia differentiates into primary sex cell (primary spermatocyte - diploid), which undergoes meiosis I
  4. Forms secondary spermatocytes (haploid n)
  5. These undergo meiosis II to form spermatids (haploid)
  6. Spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa with a head, body and tail via spermiogenesis
  7. Spermatozoa released into lumen
  8. 1 type B spermatogonium forms 4 spermatozoa
38
Q

spermiogenesis

A

maturation of Spermatid to spermatozoa

Develop tail

Nucleus condenses

Mitochondria contained in midpiece

Shed any unnecessary cytoplasm

39
Q

Luteinising hormone

A

gonadotropin from ant. pit, stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone. Testosterone gives negative feedback to ant. pit

40
Q

follicle stimulating hormone

A

gonadotropin from ant. pit, controls spermatogenesis. Inhibited by inhibin

41
Q

testosterone

A

from Leydig cells, it is an androgen - hormone which develops male characteristics (gonads into testes; spermatogenesis; aggression & libido)

42
Q

GnRH

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone released from hypothalamus

43
Q
A

HUBS192 Reproductive system (3 decks)

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