MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
SPERMATOZOA
TESTES
paired gonads, egg shaped, size of a chestnut, produce male germ cells (spermatozoa), reside in the scrotum
SPERMATOGENISIS
Maturation of the sperm cell
PAGOSYTOSIS???
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND IS REMOVED IN A MALE?
THE TESTIS WILL DEGENERATE. THE SIZEOF IT WILL DECREASE. THE LEYDIG CELL WILL SEIZED FUNCTIONING.
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF THE REMOVAL OF TESTES ON AN INDIVIDUAL.
ANDROGEN LEVELS WILL BE VERY LOW.
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM
EPIDIDYMIS
convoluted tubule, receives spermatozoa and stores them as they mature
DUCTUS (VAS) DEFERENS
muscular (smooth muscle) tube about 40 to 45 cm long, conveys sperm from epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
SEMINAL VESICLES
paired tubular glands, posterior to the prostate, about 15 cm long, produce seminal fluid, join the ductus deferens at the ejaculatory duct
PROSTATE GLAND
walnut-sized gland, surrounds the urethra as it leaves the urinary bladder, produces prostatic fluid that is added to semen
URETHRA
canal that passes through the prostate gland, enters the penis, and conveys the semen for expulsion from the body during ejaculation
TESTES (CHARACTERISTIC)
Develop in retroperitoneal abdominal wall and descend into scrotum
EPIDIDYMIS (CHARACTERISTIC)
Consist of head, body and tail; functions in maturation and storage of sperm
DUCTUS (VAS) DEFERENS (CHARACTERISTICS)
Passes in spermatic cord through inguinal canal to join duct of seminal vesicle (ejaculatory duct)
SEMINAL VESICLES
Secrete alkaline seminal fluid
PROSTATE GLAND (CHARACTERISTIC)
Surrounds prostatic urethra and secretes prostatic fluid
What does hypothalamus hormone produce?
GnRH
What does GnRH stands for?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
What is the two secretion of GnRH?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What does LH stimulates to secrete TESTOSTERONE?
Leydig cells
What is required for spermatogenesis?
testosterone
Testicular estrogen
derived by aromatization of testosterone in many testicular cells, could also play an important role in spermatogenesis
stem cells that line the basal (outer) layer of the seminiferous tubule germinal epithelium and undergo mitotic division to produce primary spermatocytes
Spermatogonia
large germ cells that possess 46 chromosomes and undergo meiosis to produce secondary spermatocytes
Primary spermatocytes:
these cells are smaller than primary spermatocytes and undergo a second meiotic division very quickly to produce spermatids
Secondary spermatocytes:
• these cells undergo a maturation process (spermiogenesis)
• form a head and tail and become spermatozoa
• pass from the lumen of the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis for storage and maturation
Spermatids:
THESE CELLS UNDERGO A MATURATION PROCESS CALLED SPERMIOGENESIS.
• A. Spermatogonia
• B. Primary spermatocyte
• C. Secondary spermatocyte • D. Spermatids
• E. Spermatozoa
D. Spermatids
about 20 cm long and descriptively is divided into three parts:
Urethra
proximal portion of the male urethra that runs through the prostate gland
Prostatic urethra:
short, middle portion that is enveloped by the external urethral sphincter
Membranous urethra:
courses through the bulb of the penis, the pendulous portion of the penis and the glans penis to open at the external urethral orific
Spongy urethra:
reside in the external urethral sphincter
pea-sized glands
secrete a clear, viscous alkaline mucus
lubricate the lumen of the spongy urethra and neutralize its acidic environment, thus preparing the way for the semen
bulbo-urethral (Cowper’s) glands
• prostatic urethra
• sympathetic
control
• closes off the
urethra during ejaculation so that semen cannot pass into the bladder and urine into the urethra
internal urethral sphincter
membranous urethra
• skeletal muscle • innervated by
branches of the
pudendal nerve • voluntary control
external urethral sphincter
What is spermatosis?
What do you think is the disadvantage of spermatosis?
Spermatozoa
Sperm Cells
Testis to epidedymis what will happen to immature sperm
Beforw the sperm cell is release theres a modification happening. Theres an acid that prevents the immature release of the acrusome
The lipid coating is removed so that the granules inside the sperm cell is able to reach the nucleus of the egg cell
Capacitation
Retrograde ejaculation
The semen goes to the urinary bladder. Ummakyat instead of bejng ejaculated
How do you check a retrograde ejaculation
If after sex the urine is hazy. The semen must have mixed in the urine
Internal urethral sphincter
It involuntary closes the urine pathway so that it doesnt get diaclosed during semen ejaculation
External urethral sphincter
You can control it. Kaya kaya umihi when on purposely wanted to
Corpora cavernosa
Both big shit. A ttwin tissue for erection
Corpus spongiosum
Here is were spongey urethra. Use for erection
Nitric oxide
Important release from nerve. To get an erection
