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Repro. Med 1 > Male Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Male Puberty begins at __-__ y/o and is Caused by ↑___ production

A

9-14 testosterone

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2
Q

hat changes occur in men during puberty?

A

Enlargement of external & internal genitalia Voice changes Androgenic hair growth Mental changes Changes in body conformation and skin Sebaceous gland secretions thicken ↑acne is more common

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3
Q

What hormones are involved in the male reproductive system

A

FSH LH Testosterone

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4
Q

____ Stimulates development of male 2° sex characteristics & spermatogenesis.

A

Testosterone

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5
Q

___ stimulates spermatogenesis

A

FSH

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6
Q

__stimulates production of testosterone

A

LH (aka ICSH)

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7
Q

testosterone spikes at __-__ y.o. And slowly decreases over time

A

20-30

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8
Q

testosterone is produced by ___ of the testes

A

Leydig cells

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9
Q

In testes, prostate, seminal vesicles, and skin, testosterone acts only when converted to ___ by____

A

5α-DHT by 5α-reductase

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10
Q

____ steroids (androgenic but not testosterone) are resistant to this conversion

A

Anabolic

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11
Q

Who may be candidates for Testosterone Replacement:

A

Men w/ primary hypogonadism or hormonal decline

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12
Q

____ are Synthetic testosterone derivatives & Mimic the effect of testosterone in muscle, bone, liver, other peripheral tissues (stimulates growth of muscle tissue and bones; speeds muscle recovery following exercise or injury)

A

Anabolic Steroids

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13
Q

Effect of ↑ peripheral androgens (5)

A
  • ↑ muscle mass/bone growth - ↑ liver toxicity/cholesterol - ↑ risk of CV dz - ↑ mood effects (‘roid rage) - Paranoia and delusions
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14
Q

Effect of ↓ 5α-DHT

A
  • ↓ sperm counts - ↓ size of reproductive organs - ↓ libido - Infertility - Depression
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15
Q

Effect of ↓ 5α-DHT

A
  • ↓ sperm counts - ↓ size of reproductive organs - ↓ libido - Infertility - Depression
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16
Q

What makes up external male genitalia?

A

Testes Scrotum Penis

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17
Q

Each testis is an oval structure ~___ cm long and __ cm in diameter

A

5 3

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18
Q

the testis is covered by a cortex structure called the ____ ______ located in the scrotum

A

tunica albuginea

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19
Q

There are ~__ lobules in each testis, each contains __-___ seminiferous tubules that converge to form single straight tubule, which leads into the ___

A

250 1-4 rete testis

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20
Q

____ produce male sex hormones, located b/w the seminiferous tubules w/in a lobule

A

Interstitial cells (cells of Leydig)

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21
Q

Each human male has >__ meters of seminiferous tubules in his testes (length is best measurement for SA)

A

600

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22
Q

____ is an undescended by birth

A

Cryptorchidism

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23
Q

the Scrotum Consists of ___ and ___

A

skin subcutaneous tissue

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24
Q

the ___ is made of smooth muscle fibers in subcutaneous tissue, which contract to give scrotum its wrinkled appearance→ when relaxed, scrotum is smooth

A

dartos muscle

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25
Q

____, controls position of scrotum and testes→ when cold or sexually aroused, it contracts to pull testes closer to body for warmth

A

Cremaster muscle

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26
Q

the ____ is a Cylindrical organ located anterior to scrotum, functions to transfer sperm to vagina.

A

Penis→

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27
Q

Consists of ___ columns of erectile tissue wrapped in connective tissue and covered with skin. There are 2 ___ columns called the ____ And a single, ___ column surrounding the urethra called the ____

A

3 dorsal, corpora cavernosa. ventral, corpus spongiosum.

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28
Q

what are the 3 parts fo the penis?

A

Root Body (shaft) Glans penis The root of penis attaches it to the pubic arch the body is the visible, pendant portion. The corpus spongiosum expands at the distal end to form the glans penis.

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29
Q

The urethra, which extends throughout the length of the ___, opens through the external urethral orifice at the tip of the glans penis.

A

corpus spongiosum

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30
Q

A loose fold of skin, called the _____, covers the glans penis.

A

prepuce, or foreskin

31
Q

What makes up the internal male genitalia

A

Epididymitis Spermatic cord Ductus Deferens (vastus deferens) Ejaculatory duct Seminal vesicles Urethra Accessory glands Prostate Bulbourethral glands Seminal fluid/semen

32
Q

The ___ is a comma shaped organ that is a long tube (~6 meters) located along the superior and posterior margins of the testes

A

Epididymitis

33
Q

what is the function of the epididymitis?

A

Aid in the Complete maturation of sperm Mature sperm are stored in the lower portion/tail of the epididymis

34
Q

The Spermatic Cord contains:

A

Proximal ductus deferens Testicular A&V Lymph vessels Testicular nerve Cremaster muscle Connective tissue covering

35
Q

_____ is a Fibromuscular tube continuous w/ the epididymis that enters the abdominopelvic cavity through the inguinal canal and passes along the lateral pelvic wall, behind bladder, toward the prostate gland

A

Ductus Deferens [Vas Deferens]

36
Q

Just before it reaches the prostate gland, each ductus deferens enlarges to form an ___ Sperm are stored in the (proximal/distal) portion of the ductus deferens, near the epididymis

A

ampulla PROXIMAL

37
Q

Each ductus deferens, at the ampulla, joins the duct from its corresponding seminal vesicle (one of the accessory glands) to form a ____

A

Ejaculatory Duct

38
Q

Each ejaculatory duct passes through the ___ and empties into the____

A

prostate gland urethra

39
Q

what would happen is the ejactulatory duct were obstructed

A

Won’t be able to ejaculate

40
Q

_____ are Glands posterior to the urinary bladder Each have a short duct that joins w/ the ductus deferens at the ampulla to form an ejaculatory duct, which empties into the urethra

A

Seminal Vesicles

41
Q

Describe the fluids in the seminal vesicles and what it contains

A

Fluid is viscous, contains fructose, prostaglandins, and proteins

42
Q

The ___ Extends from the urinary bladder to the external urethral orifice at the tip of the penis. It is a passageway for sperm and fluids from the reproductive system and urine from the urinary system.

A

Urethra

43
Q

what are the 3 regions the urethra is divided into

A

The prostatic urethra membranous urethra penile urethra (also called spongy urethra or cavernous urethra)

44
Q

What are the Accessory Glands and what do they do?

A

Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands They secrete fluids that enter the urethra.

45
Q

The __ is a Firm, dense structure ~size of a walnut located just inferior to the urinary bladder. Encircles the urethra as it leaves the urinary bladder

A

prostate

46
Q

Numerous short ducts from the prostate gland empty into the ____.

A

prostatic urethra

47
Q

Waht are the secretions of the prostate like? what is the function of this fluid?

A

Thin, milky colored, and alkaline. function to enhance sperm motility

48
Q

What is the consequence of an Enlarged Prostate

A

Inhibited Urination

49
Q

____ small (about the size of a pea) and located near the base of the penis. A short duct from each enters the proximal end of the penile urethra.

A

Bulbourethral Glands

50
Q

In response to sexual stimulation, the bulbourethral glands secrete an ____ fluid

A

alkaline mucus-like

51
Q

_____ is a slightly alkaline mixture of sperm cells and secretions from the accessory glands.

A

Seminal Fluid/semen→

52
Q

Semem is made up of __% from seminal vesicles, almost __% from prostate, tiny amount bulbourethral glands

A

60% 40

53
Q

Volume in a single ejaculation varies from ___-____ ml. There are between ___-___ million sperm per milliliter of semen.

A

1.5 to 6.0 50 to 150

54
Q

Sperm counts < 10 to 20 million/ml can present ____ problems

A

fertility problems.

55
Q

What does an Erection involve?

A

↑ in length, width & firmness Changes in blood supply: arterioles dilate, veins constrict/ are compressed→ The spongy erectile tissue fills w/ blood

56
Q

____ is the uncoordination or inability of erection

A

Erectile Dysfunction

57
Q

What are the steps of spermatogenesis?

A

Spermatogonium –> Primary spermatocyte –> secondary spermatocyte –> spermatid –> sperm –> into the seminiferous tubule

58
Q

where are sperm produced?

A

seminiferous tubules.

59
Q

W/in the seminiferous tubules are large cells called ____, that support/nourish other cells.

A

sustentacular cells (Sertoli’s cells)

60
Q

In early puberty, PGCs locate themselves around the periphery of the seminiferous tubules in the testes At puberty, hormones stimulate these cells to begin dividing by mitosis. Some remain at the periphery as ____. Others become ____. Because they are produced by mitosis, spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes have the same chromosomal composition as the individual’s somatic cells– ___

A

spermatogonia primary spermatocytes 46, XY

61
Q

Genetic material is replicated , then each primary spermatocyte goes through ___ to produce , each w/ ___ chromosomes (haploid). Just prior to this division, the genetic material is replicated

A

meiosis 2 secondary spermatocytes 23

62
Q

During ___, each secondary spermatocyte divides to produce _____, no replication of genetic material in this division, but a single-stranded sister chromatid goes to each daughter cell.

A

meiosis II two spermatids

63
Q

As a result of the two meiotic divisions, each primary spermatocyte produces____, each with ___ chromosomes (haploid)– one from each pair in the original primary spermatocyte.

A

four spermatids 23

64
Q

mature sperm cell has a ___, __ and ____

A

head midpiece tail

65
Q

What does the head contain?

A

the 23 chromosomes surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

66
Q

The tip of the head is covered by an ___, which contains enzymes that help sperm penetrate the female gamete

A

acrosome

67
Q

The midpiece os sperm (metabolic region) contains ____ that provide ___.

A

mitochondria ATP

68
Q

The tail, locomotor region, uses a ____ for locomotion.

A

flagellum

69
Q

What is the path of a sperm cell?

A

testes (seminiferous tubules–> epididymis –> vas deferens –> ejaculatory duct –> urethra

70
Q

How long does spermatogeneis take?

A

beginning with a primary spermatocyte, takes about 74 days

71
Q

After ejaculation, the sperm can live for about__ hours in the female reproductive tract.

A

48+

72
Q

How long after the time of a vasectomy does a man become officially “infertile”?

A

~ 3 months

73
Q

What organs does Testosterone affect?

A

Repro. Med 1 (9 decks)

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