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Zach's TCC Anatomy Test 4 > Male Reproductive > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

When are the reproductive systems activated?

A

puberty

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2
Q

What are gametes?

A

sperm and eggs

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3
Q

What is the function of the dartos and cremaster muscles?

A

regulate height of the testicles

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4
Q

What temp do the testes like to be?

A

2 degrees cooler than body temperature

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5
Q

What is the function of the seminferious tubules?

A

to produce sperm made from stem cells

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6
Q

Where is testosterone produced?

A

between seminferous tubules; which is then absorbed through the blood

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7
Q

Where is the rete testis?

A

passageway between testes and epididymus

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8
Q

What is the function of the pampiniform plexus?

A

cool the testes by moving blood away and absorbing heat

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9
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

failure of the testes to descend to inguinal ring

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10
Q

What are people with cryptorchidism at higher risk for?

A

testicular cancer

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11
Q

The glans penis is an extension of what?

A

corpus sponigosum

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12
Q

What % of american men are circumcised?

A

60%

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13
Q

What goes through the corpus spongiosum? corpus cavernosum?

A

urethra; artery

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14
Q

What does the tunica albuginea do?

A

collagen fibers between erectile tissue that gives the erection direction

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15
Q

What’s the function of the epididymus?

A

where the sperm is matured

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16
Q

How long does it take for sperm to go through the epididymus? How long can sperm be stored here?

A

20 days; can be stored for several months

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17
Q

How does sperm move through duct work during ejaculation?

A

peristalsis

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18
Q

What is a vasectomy?

A

severing of the vas deferens

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19
Q

What is the success rate of a vasectomy? Reversal success rate?

A

100%; 50%

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20
Q

What % of semen do the seminal vesicles produce?

A

60%

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21
Q

What is semen made of? (2)

A

fructose, ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)

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22
Q

What % of semen does the prostate produce?

A

30%

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23
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland?

A

to make the sperm motile (able to move)

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24
Q

What is benine prostate hyperplasia?

A

increased size of the prostate

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25
Q

What does benine prostate hyperplasia cause?

A

decreased urine flow, due to distorted urethra

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26
Q

Prostate cancer is ____ most common cause of cancer death in men

A

2nd

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27
Q

What’s the function of the epididymus?

A

where the sperm is matured

28
Q

How long does it take for sperm to go through the epididymus? How long can sperm be stored here?

A

20 days; can be stored for several months

29
Q

How does sperm move through duct work during ejaculation?

A

peristalsis

30
Q

How many sperm are made daily?

A

400 million

31
Q

What is the success rate of a vasectomy? Reversal success rate?

A

100%; 50%

32
Q

What % of semen do the seminal vesicles produce?

A

60%

33
Q

What is semen made of? (2)

A

fructose, ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)

34
Q

What % of semen does the prostate produce?

A

30%

35
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland?

A

to make the sperm motile (able to move)

36
Q

What is benine prostate hyperplasia?

A

increased size of the prostate

37
Q

What does benine prostate hyperplasia cause?

A

decreased urine flow, due to distorted urethra

38
Q

Prostate cancer is ____ most common cause of cancer death in men

A

2nd

39
Q

ED medications do what?

A

increase the power of nitric oxide

40
Q

What % of semen is made up by sperm?

A

10%

41
Q

How many sperm per ejaculate?

A

750 million

42
Q

How many sperm are made daily?

A

400 million

43
Q

The erection is controlled by spinal nerves from which sacral segments?

A

2,3,4

44
Q

What chemical is released during an erection via the parasympathetic response?

A

nitric oxide

45
Q

What happens to the arteries and veins of the penis during an erection?

A

vasodilation of arteries

vasoconstriction of the veins

46
Q

What muscle contracts to ejaculate sperm?

A

bulbospongiosus muscle

47
Q

How fast is semen propelled out of the urethra?

A

11 mph

48
Q

What is the refractory period after a male orgasm? How long does it last?

A

time between erections, can last between minutes to hours

49
Q

What causes erectile dysfunction?

A

decrease in nitric oxide

50
Q

What % of men over 40 have some form of ED?

A

50%

51
Q

ED medications do what?

A

increase the power of nitric oxide

52
Q

What is the acrosome of the sperm?

A

clear part around head that contain enzymes to penetrate corona radiata

53
Q

What are homologues?

A

chromosomes that code for the same information (one from mom, one from dad)

54
Q

When do the chromosomes become unreplicated during spermatogenesis? (single stranded)

A

after meiosis II

55
Q

Are gametes diploid or haploid?

A

haploid (23 chromosomes)

56
Q

What occurs during meiosis I?

A

results in two daughter cells with 23 replicated (double stranded) chromosomes each

57
Q

What occurs during synapsis? (meiosis I)

A

process which buttons together homologous pairs

58
Q

What forms a tetrad? (meiosis I)

A

synapsis

59
Q

What are crossovers? (meiosis I)

A

exchange of genetic material within the tetrad

60
Q

What occurs during meiosis II?

A

two daughter cells are are split into 4 unreplicated cells with 23 chromosomes each (4 spermatids)

61
Q

During spermatogenesis, what happens to the type A cell?

A

stays at basement membrane and becomes stem cell, to go through mitosis again

62
Q

During spermatogenesis, what happens to the type B cell?

A

it becomes the primary spermatocyte

63
Q

The 4 spermatids formed from by meiosis II go through what? What do they become?

A

spermiogenesis; become 4 individual spermatozoa

64
Q

What is the acrosome of the sperm?

A

clear part around head that contain enzymes to penetrate corona radiata

65
Q

What does the mid piece of sperm sperm contain?

A

mitochondria

66
Q

What hormones work together to produce testosterone? What organ produces them?

A

LH, FSH; anterior pituitary gland

Zach's TCC Anatomy Test 4 (4 decks)

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