Male reproductive

Question 0

Spermiogenesis

Answer 0

Acrosome - hydrocytic enzymes
Flagellum - sticks into lumen, lots of mitochondria cluster around
Nucleus condenses, elongates
Cytoplasm -> residual body -> Sertoli body phagocytoses

Question 1

Spermatogenesis

Answer 1

Spermatogonia (on basal membrane) -mitosis> renews stem +
Progenitor spermatogonia -lots of mitosis>
Primary spermatocyte (46) -meiosis I>
secondary spermatocyte (23x2, super fast/rarely seen) -meiosis II>
spermatid (23) -> spermiogenesis (maturation)

All divisions maintain cytoplasmic bridge until discarded as residual body

Question 2

Sertoli cells

Answer 2

Rest on basement membrane of seminiferous tubule (reach all the way through, embraces all developing cells)
Forms blood testis barrier between diploid and haploid (tight junctions above spermatogonium)
Endocytoses residual bodies

Question 3

Blood-testis barrier

Answer 3

Sertoli cells form tight junctional complexes
Haploid would be recognized as non-self (primary spermatocytes migrate through) - protects from antigen or antibody transport
Cells differentially nutrients to diffuse across

Question 4

Leydig cells

Answer 4

In interstitial space between seminiferous tubules

Produce androgens

Question 5

Hormone control of testis

Answer 5

From anterior pituitary
FSH -> Sertoli -> androgen-binding protein -> concentrates testosterone -> necessary for proper maturation
LH -> Leydig -> testosterone production

Question 6

Organization of male genital tubules

Answer 6

Straight tubules/tubuli recti -> rete testis -> efferent ductules (partially ciliated) ->
Epididymis (highly coiled, stored, final maturation, become motile) ->
Ductus deferens (most muscular)

Question 7

Efferent ductules

Answer 7

Cuboidal + microvilli

Also have taller columnar cells + stereocilia (help immotile sperm)

Question 8

Epididymis

Answer 8

Pseudostrat columnar
Tall principal cells with stereocilia
Basal cells regenerate
Smooth muscle around for peristalsis (SNS stimulation)
Also final maturity/motility, stores until ejaculation

Question 9

Ductus deferens

Answer 9

Three layer of smooth muscle (thick) - peristalsis with SNS/ejaculation
Pseudostra columnar with stereocilia (similar to epididymis)
Ampulla (dilated end) + seminal vesicle -> ejaculatory duct

Question 10

Seminal vesicle

Answer 10

Produces fructose-rich secretion
Does not store spermatozoa
"Convoluted glandular mucosa"
Pseudostrat columnar epithelium = secretory
Lots of smooth muscle under SNS control

Question 11

Prostate

Answer 11

Tubuloalveolar gland
Fibromuscular (lots of smooth muscle) (vs breast = adipose)
Dense corpora amylacea in lumens

Zones - central zone (-> BPH), transition, peripheral (->CA)

Lots of openings into urethra
Older -> corpora amylacea

vs breast - muscle vs fat

Question 12

Penis

Answer 12

Three erectile cylinders (corpora cavernosa x2, dorsal/superior)
Corpus spongiosum (contains urethra)
Deep arteries (form internal pudendal) dilate, venous occlude
Dense fibrous tissue = tunica albuginea - around each cylinder
Buck's fascia around entire

Question 13

Gross anatomy of testis

Answer 13

Lobules (250) wih incomplete septa contain seminiferous tubules
Tunica albuginea = internal
Tunica vaginalis - visceral and parietal on anterior surface

Question 14

Urethra

Answer 14

Prostatic, membranous, spongy/penile
Transition in penile: strat columnar -> strat squamous
Mucous glands of Littre throughout penile

Question 15

Bulbourethral glands

Answer 15

Superior to perineal membrane
Cuboidal -> clear mucus secretion
Duct to urethra inferior to perineal membrane (spongy urethra)