MALE REPRODUCTIVE

Question 1

Organs of the male reproductive system**

Answer 1

(1) Testes; a system of ducts (epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra)
(2) Accessory sex glands (seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands)
(3) And several supporting structures, including the scrotum and penis

Question 2

Accessory sex glands of the male reproductive system**

Answer 2

(seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands

Question 3

Definition:

paired oval glands that develop on the produce sperm and secrete hormones. **

Answer 3

testes

Question 4

Semen contains**

Answer 4

sperm plus the secretions provided by the accessory sex glands.

Question 5

Definition:

a pouch that supports the testes; it consists of loose skin, superficial fascia, and smooth muscle.

Answer 5

scrotum

Question 6

The production and survival of sperm is optimal at a temperature**

Answer 6

2-3° C below normal body temperature

Question 7

Definition:

Dense White Fibrous Capsule that extends inward and divides each testis into internal compartments.

Answer 7

Lobules

Question 8

Definition:

Produce sperm by a process called spermatogenesis. Lined with spermatogenic cells

Answer 8

Seminiferous tubules

Question 9

Definition:
Located between the developing sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules, support, protect, and nourish spermatogenic cells; phagocytize degenerating spermatogenic cells; secrete fluid for sperm transport; and release of the hormone inhibin, which regulate sperm production

Answer 9

Sertoli Cells

Question 10

Definition:
These clusters are located between the seminiferous tubules.
These cells secrete the hormone testosterone. **

Answer 10

Leydig cells

Question 11

Definition:

Hormone that promotes the development of masculine characteristics.

Answer 11

Androgen

Question 12

Definition:

Promotes a man’s libido (sex drive).

Answer 12

Testosterone

Question 13

Definition:

The process by which the seminiferous tubules of the testes produce sperm**

Answer 13

Spermatogenesis

Question 14

Spermatogenesis Consists of three stages

Answer 14

meiosis I, meiosis II, and spermiogenesis.

Question 15

Definition:

somatic cells containing two sets of chromosomes.

Answer 15

Diploid cells

Question 16

Definition:

In sexual reproduction, an organism results from

Answer 16

the fusion of two different gametes, one from each parent.

Question 17

Stages of Spermatogenesis.

Answer 17

Spermatogenesis begins during puberty and continues throughout life. The time from on-set of cell division in a spermatogonium until sperm are re-leased into the lumen of a seminiferous tubule is 65 to 75 days

Question 18

Spermatogonia contain the diploid number of chromosomes

Answer 18

46

Question 19

primary spermatocytes are diploid or haploid

Answer 19

diploid

Question 20

Is there further replication of DNA In meiosis II?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

In summary**

Answer 21

(a) Meiosis I begins with a diploid starting cell, and ends with two cells with haploid number of chromosomes.
(b) During meiosis II, each of the two haploid cells formed during meiosis I divides.
(c) The net result is four haploid gametes that are genetically different from the original haploid starting cell.**
(d) The haploid cells formed during meiosis II are called spermatids.
(e) Spermiogenesis- in the final states of spermatogenesis, called spermiogenesis, each haploid spermatid develops into a single sperm cell **.

Question 22

Sperm are produced at the rate of about

Answer 22

300 million per day.

Question 23

Once ejaculated, most do not survive more than

Answer 23

48 hours in the female reproductive tract

Question 24

The major parts of a sperm cell are the

Answer 24

head and the tail

Question 25

in the final states of spermatogenesis, each | haploid spermatid develops into a single sperm cell. **

Answer 25

Spermiogenesis,

Question 26

contains the nuclear material (DNA) and an acrosome, a vesicle containing enzymes that aid penetration by the sperm cell into a secondary oocyte **

Answer 26

The head

Question 27

The tail of a sperm cell is subdivided into four parts:

Answer 27

neck, middle piece, principal | piece, and end piece.

Question 28

the constricted region just behind the head.

Answer 28

neck

Question 29

contains mitochondria that provide ATP for locomotion.**

Answer 29

The middle piece

Question 30

the longest portion of the tail and the end piece is the | terminal, tapering portion of the tail

Answer 30

The principal piece

Question 31

a comma-shaped organ that lies along the posterior border of the testis -Each epididymis consists mostly of the tightly coiled ductus epididymis

Answer 31

epididymis

Question 32

the site of sperm maturation-the process by which sperm acquire motility and the ability to fertilize a secondary oocyte. - also stores sperm and helps propel them during sexual arousal by peristaltic contraction of its smooth muscle into the ductus vas deferens -Sperm may remain in storage in the ductus epididymis for several months**

Answer 32

ductus epididymis

Question 33

-along the posterior border of the epididymis and penetrates the inguinal canal, a passageway in the front abdominal wall. (b) It enters the pelvic cavity, where it loops over the side and down the posterior surface of the urinary bladder. (c) has a heavy coat of three layers of muscle. (d) Functionally, this structure stores sperm, which can remain viable here for up to several months.** (e) also conveys sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra during sexual arousal by peristaltic contractions of the muscular coat. (f) Spermatic cord is a supporting structure of the male reproductive system.

Answer 33

ductus deferens or vas deferens

Question 34

formed by the union of the duct from the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicles. (a) This short structure carries sperm into the urethra

Answer 34

Ejaculatory Ducts`

Question 35

(1) this structure serves as a passageway for both sperm and urine. (2) passes through the prostate, deep perineal muscles and penis. (3) The opening of this structure called external urethral orifice

Answer 35

Urethra

Question 36

(1) pouch-like structures, lying posterior to the base of the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum. (a) This structure secretes an alkaline, viscous fluid that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and clotting proteins that helps neutralize the acidic environment of the male urethra and female reproductive tract that otherwise would inactivate and kill sperm.

Answer 36

Seminal vesicles

Question 37

(1) a single, doughnut-shaped gland about the size of a golf ball. (a) It is inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds the upper portion of the urethra. This structure increases in size from birth to puberty, and then it expands rapidly. (b) The size attained by age 30 remains stable until about age 45, when further enlargement may occur.

Answer 37

prostate

Question 38

about the size of peas. (b) They are located inferior to the prostate on either side of the urethra. (c) During sexual arousal, these secrete an alkaline substance into the urethra glands secrete an alkaline substance into the urethra that protects the passing sperm by neutralizing acids from urine in the urethra. (d) They secrete mucus that lubricates the end of the penis and the lining of the urethra, thereby decreasing the number of sperm damaged during ejaculation.

Answer 38

Bulbourethral glands

Question 39

the mixture of sperm and the secretions of the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands.

Answer 39

Semen

Question 40

(1) contains the urethra and is a passageway for the ejaculation of semen and the excretion of urine. (a) Cylindrical in shape and consists of a root, a body, and the glans penis. (b) The root of the penis is the attached portion. (c) The body of the penis is composed of three cylindrical masses of tissue. The two dorsolateral masses are called the corpora cavernosa penis.

Answer 40

Penis

Question 41

The fructose in the alkaline fluid secreted by the seminal vesicles is used for what

Answer 41

ATP production by sperm.

Question 42

What is the purpose of the prostaglandins in the alkaline fluid secreted by the seminal vesicles

Answer 42

sperm motility and viability and may also stimulate | muscular contraction within the female reproductive tract.

Question 43

What does the prostate secrete?

Answer 43

a milky, slightly acidic fluid (PH about 6.5) that contains (1) citric acid, which can be used by sperm for ATP production via the Krebs cycle; acid phosphatase (the function of which is unknown); and several protein- digesting enzymes, such as PSA.

Question 44

Prostatic secretions make up what percent of the volume of semen.

Answer 44

about 25%

Question 45

The volume of semen in a typical ejaculation is 2.5 to 5 milliliters, with 50 to 150 million sperm per milliliter. When the number falls below ____ the male is likely to be infertile.**

Answer 45

20 million per milliliter

Question 46

pH of semen

Answer 46

has a slightly alkaline pH of 7.2 to 7.7 due to the higher pH and larger volume of fluid from the seminal vesicles.

Question 47

Does semen have a natural antibiotic that can destroy certain bacteria.?

Answer 47

yes -(h) The antibiotic may help control the abundance of naturally occurring bacteria in the semen and in the lower female reproductive tract.

Question 48

The smaller midventral mass that contains the urethra.

Answer 48

the corpus spongiosum penis

Question 49

The distal end of the corpus spongiosum penis is a slightly enlarged region called the

Answer 49

glans penis. -The glans penis is the opening of the urethra to the exterior.

Question 50

how do erections form

Answer 50

1) Parasympathetic impulses cause release of neurotransmitters and local hormones, including the gas nitric oxide, which relaxes vascular smooth muscle in the penile arteries. 2) The arteries supplying the penis dilate, and large quantities of blood enter the sinuses. 3) Expansion of these spaces causes compression of the veins draining the penis so blood flow is slowed.

Question 51

a sympathetic reflex coordinated by the lumbar portion of the spinal cord. As part of the reflex, the smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes.

Answer 51

Ejaculation

Question 52

An enzyme converts testosterone into what other hormone?

Answer 52

dyhidrotestosterone (DHT) -Can be found in certain locations like external genitals and prostate