MALE REPRO | GOLJAN

Question 1

cause of congenital megaloureter?

Answer 1

Hirschsprung disease

Question 2

smooth cysts in the ureter lumen?

Answer 2

ureteritis cystica

predispose to bladder adenocarcinoma

Question 3

ureteritis cystica predisposes too?

Answer 3

adenocarcinoma

Question 4

MC complication of retroperitoneal fibrosis?

Answer 4

hydronephrosis

Question 5

MC cancer of ureter?

Answer 5

transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)

Question 6

exstrophy of bladder associated w?

Answer 6

epispadias and bladder adenocarcinoma

Question 7

MCC of bladder adenocarcinoma?

Answer 7

urachal cyst remnants

Question 8

Bowen disease HPV?

Answer 8

16

Question 9

CIS of penis

Answer 9

1. Bowen disease
2. Erythroplasia of Queyrat
3. Bowenoid papulosis

Question 10

CIS of penis

multiple reddish brown papules

Answer 10

Bowenoid papulosis

*only one with no predisposition to SCC

Question 11

CIS of penis

leukoplakia on shaft of penis

Answer 11

Bowen disease

Question 12

CIS of penis

erythroplakia on mucosal surface of glans

Answer 12

Queyrat

Question 13

MC cancer of penis

Answer 13

SCC

Question 14

SCC penis HPV

Answer 14

16,18

Question 15

epididymitis >35 years old

Answer 15

E.coli

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 16

absent cremasteric reflex

Answer 16

torsion of the testicle

Question 17

which organism mainly affects the testis?

Answer 17

syphillis

Question 18

MC paratesticular tumor

Answer 18

adenomatoid tumor

pole of the epididymis

Question 19

types of testicular tumors

Answer 19

germ cell

sex cord-stromal

Question 20

bulky tumor- no hemorrhage or necrosis

Answer 20

seminoma

Question 21

bulky tumor- with hemorrhage and necrosis

Answer 21

embryonal carcinoma

Question 22

tumor- hCG

Answer 22

choriocarcinoma

Question 23

tumor- AFP

Answer 23

yolk sac

Question 24

teratocarcinoma

Answer 24

teratoma + embryonal carcinoma

Question 25

what are the testicular tumors(germ cell)

Answer 25

1. seminoma 2. spermatocytic seminoma 2. embryonal carcinoma 3. yolk sac 4. choriocarcinoma 5. teratoma

Question 26

what are the testicular tumors(sex cord)

Answer 26

1. leydig cell 2. sertoli cell 3. malignant lymphoma

Question 27

what do patients w/ Leydig tumors present w?

Answer 27

adults-gynecomastia | kids-precocious puberty

Question 28

key histological feature of leydig cells tumors?

Answer 28

intracytoplasmic reinke crystals

Question 29

major causes of priapism

Answer 29

venous thrombosis of corpora cavernosa | sickle cell disease

Question 30

seminoma-age group

Answer 30

mid 30s

Question 31

which testicular tumor resembles placenta tissue?

Answer 31

choriocarcinoma

Question 32

seminoma-serum marker

Answer 32

hCG

Question 33

embryonal carcinoma-serum marker

Answer 33

hCG or AFP

Question 34

purulent urethral discharge | gram stains fails to reveal any organisms

Answer 34

chlamydia trachomatis

Question 35

35 year old painless enlargement of testes increased serum hCG

Answer 35

seminoma

Question 36

serum marker of osteoblast activity seen w prostatic adenocarcinoma metastasis

Answer 36

alkaline phosphatase

Question 37

causes of retroperitoneal fibrosis

Answer 37

1. idiopathic 2. ergot alkaloids associated with MIGRAINES 3. other sclerosing conditions ( sclerosing cholangitis, reidel thyroidits 4. retroperitoneal malignant lymphoma

Question 38

what is the median umbilical ligament

Answer 38

fibrous urachus connecting the bladder to the umbilicus

Question 39

what occurs if lumen of urachus remains open?

Answer 39

urine from bladder gets drained by umbilicus

Question 40

*how to differentiate SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM egg for SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI egg*

Answer 40

HAEMATOBIUM has terminal spine | MANSONI has lateral spine

Question 41

what drug produces hemorrhagic cystitis treated w? what organism can cause it?

Answer 41

cyclophosphamide MESNA adenovirus*

Question 42

MCC of sepsis/UTI in hospital

Answer 42

indwelling catheter

Question 43

tx for schistosoma haematobium

Answer 43

praziquantel

Question 44

MC uropathogen

Answer 44

e. coli

Question 45

tx for e.coli cystitis

Answer 45

double strength TMP-SMX

Question 46

neutrophils in urine + NO culture growth

Answer 46

C. trachomatis renal TB acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

Question 47

purpose of nitrites in urine

Answer 47

bacteria in urine change nitrates to nitrites | IF + then bacterial infections

Question 48

purpose of leukocyte esterase in urine

Answer 48

indicates presence of WBC

Question 49

what is seen in urinalysis of sterile pyuria

Answer 49

+ neutrophils + leukocyte esterase - nitrites - culture

Question 50

chronic e.coli infection of bladder leads to

Answer 50

malacoplakia

Question 51

defective phagosomes that cannot degrade bacterial products

Answer 51

Michaelis-Gutmann bodies

Question 52

what is seen in MALACOPLAKIA

Answer 52

many yellow, raised mucosal plaques | Michaelis Gutmann bodies

Question 53

MC bladder cancer

Answer 53

TCC

Question 54

SCC of bladder

Answer 54

S. haematobium

Question 55

TCC causes

Answer 55

MC- smoking cigs cyclophosphamide nitrosamines ( beer ) arsenic

Question 56

how are helminth eggs killed?

Answer 56

type 2 HSR involving eosinophils

Question 57

infections of urethra

Answer 57

venereal - C. trachomatis + N. gonorrhoeae | non-venereal - E. coli

Question 58

C. trachomatis can cause what syndrome

Answer 58

Reiter syndrome 1. conjunctivitis 2. urethritis 3. HLA_B27 arthritis

Question 59

pathogenesis of hypospadias

Answer 59

faulty closure of urethral folds

Question 60

pathogenesis of epispadias

Answer 60

defect in genital tubercle

Question 61

MC GU disorder in male children

Answer 61

cryptorchidism

Question 62

* causes of EPIDIDYMITIS*

Answer 62

E.coli + P.aeruginosa >35 y/o C.trachomatis + N.gonorrhea <35 y/o TB**

Question 63

clinical features of EPIDIDYMITIS

Answer 63

unilateral scrotal pain and extends into spermatic cord | swelling + tenderness

Question 64

elevation of scrotum decreases pain AKA

Answer 64

prehn sign

Question 65

tx for epididymitis

Answer 65

35 ciprofloxacin extended release

Question 66

MCC of left sided scrotal enlargement

Answer 66

varicocele

Question 67

pathogenesis of varicocele

Answer 67

left spermatic vein drains into left renal vein | due to BLOCKAGE

Question 68

where does right spermatic vein drain into

Answer 68

IVC

Question 69

cause of right sided varicocele

Answer 69

retroperitoneal fibrosis + IVC thrombosis

Question 70

MCC of scrotal enlargement in children

Answer 70

hydrocele

Question 71

clinical features of TORSION of testicle

Answer 71

absent cremasteric reflex* | sudden onset of testicular pain

Question 72

nonspecific cancer enzyme

Answer 72

lactate dehydrogenase