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Block 3; Week 5 Michelle > Male Pelvis > Flashcards

Male Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the false pelvis begin? Where does it end?

A

Begins @ the iliac crest
Ends @ the pelvic brim
**continuous w/ abdominal cavity
*also called the pelvic inlet

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2
Q

The pelvic outlet is formed by the boundaries of the ______.

A

perineum.

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3
Q

What is the origin of the inguinal ligament and sartorius muscle?

A

the anterior superior iliac spine

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4
Q

What are 3 important structures found on the ilium?

A

iliac crest
anterior superior iliac spine
greater sciatic notch

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5
Q

What are the 3 major bones of the pelvis? When do they all connect? At what point do they connect?

A

Ilium, Ischium, Pubis

  • *connect @ the acetabulum
  • *fuse entirely only after puberty
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6
Q

Which part of the pelvis does the ischium make up?

A

the posterior inferior part

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7
Q

What are 3 important structures on the ischium?

A

ischial spine
ischial tuberosity
lesser sciatic notch

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8
Q

Which structure serves as an attachment of lower limb muscles & support during sitting?

A

the ischial tuberosity; called the sit bone

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9
Q

What is the wing-looking part of the ilium called?

A

ala

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10
Q

Where are bone marrow biopsies taken from?

A

the iliac crest

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11
Q

What does the sacrospinous ligament attach to?

A

the ischial spine

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12
Q

Where is the pubis located relative to the pelvic bones?

A

anterior & inferior

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13
Q

What is an important structure of the pubis?

A

the pubic tubercle

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14
Q

Where does the true pelvis begin?

A

after the pelvic brim

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15
Q

What forms the pelvic brim?

A

the linea terminalis

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16
Q

What is the obturator canal?

A

this is the small space of the obturator foramen that isn’t covered by the obturator membrane…the obturator nerve runs thru this…

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17
Q

Which 2 bones form the obturator canal?

A

the ischium & pubis

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18
Q

What makes up the sacrum?

A

5 fused vertebrae

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19
Q

What is the coccyx made up of? Where is it found?

A

4 fused vertebrae

found beneath the sacrum

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20
Q

Where is the sacral promontory found?

A

it is a ridge found @ the S1 vertebrae

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21
Q

How does the sacrum articulate w/ the pelvis?

A

@ the superior articular facets of L1 vertebrae?

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22
Q

What is the arcuate line? What is the pectineal line?

A

Pectineal line: thickened region of the pubis bone

Arcuate line: thickened region of the ilium

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23
Q

What is the significance of the linea terminalis? What makes it up?

A

this is sort of the pelvic brim…separates the false pelvis from the true pelvis.
Starts @ sacral promontory & goes thru arcuate line & pectineal line…

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24
Q

What is the subpubic angle? How does it differ b/w men & women?

A

the angle b/w the 2 pubic bones @ the pubic symphysis. In males: 70 degrees; In females: 80 degrees…

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25
Q

Describe the difference of the male pelvis.

A 
ala less flared
subpubic angle narrower
pubic symphysis taller & thinner
ischial tuberosities inverted
conjugate diameter smaller
transverse diameter smaller
more curved sacrum
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26
Q

What is the narrowest distance in the pelvis? What is the significance of this?

A

Interspinous distance

the distance b/w the 2 ischial spines…significant b/c this is where the baby has to fit thru!!

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27
Q

What is the conjugate diameter of the pelvis?

A

True obstetrical diameter aka sagittal inlet
widest part of the pelvis
the distance b/w the sacral promontory & the top of the pubic symphysis

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28
Q

The female pelvis is _____ shaped while the male pelvis is _____ shaped.

A

Female Pelvis: Oval Shaped

Male Pelvis: Heart Shaped

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29
Q

What is the approx distance of the sagittal inlet or true obstetrical conjugate or conjugate diameter of the pelvis…in a woman? How about the bispinous outlet?

A

11-12 cm

bispinous: 9 cm

30
Q

What is the sagittal outlet & about how long is it?

A

this is the distance b/w the sacral promontory & the bottom part of the pubic symphysis…
this is about 10 cm

31
Q

What are some ways of making pelvic measurements in obstetrics?

A

Plain film, CT, MRI, digital exam

32
Q

What is the diagonal conjugate & why is it important in obstetrics?

A

distance b/w sacral promontory & bottom of pubic symphysis…determined via a bimanual exam
it approximates the sagittal inlet/true conjugate distance

33
Q

T/F The true diameter of the pelvis widens during pregnancy.

A

FALSE

34
Q

What gives pregnant women that waddle during pregnancy?

A

the pelvis gets wider in the transverse direction
relaxin (a hormone) relaxes the pelvic ligaments
pubic symphysis thickens
the true pelvis gets larger
coccyx moves posteriorly

35
Q

What is the android pelvic shape? Which women typically have this shape?

A

a pelvic shape similar to a man, more narrow @ the front

tall African American women sometimes have…makes childbirth more difficult.

36
Q

Where does the peritoneum that covers the top of the pelvic cavity become mesocolon?

A

it becomes the mesocolon for the sigmoid colon @ S3

37
Q

What is found on either side of the bladder? What is found on either side of the rectum?

A

Paravesical fossa on each side of the bladder

Pararectal fossa on each side of the rectum

38
Q

What is the clinical significance of the rectovesical pouch?

A

it can be a place for infection & fluid accumulation in the case of peritonitis

39
Q

T/F the rectum does NOT have fatty appendages or teniae. It has 3 transverse rectal folds.

A

TRUE

40
Q

Where is the ampulla of the rectum located?

A

above the levator ani muscles.

41
Q

Why is the internal urethral sphincter so important?

A

b/c it prevents retrograde transport of semen

42
Q

What happens when the bladder is empty v. when it is full?

A

When it is empty: in the true pelvis; When it is full: extends into the false pelvis

43
Q

What is the arterial blood supply to the anterosuperior bladder?

A

superior vesical arteries

44
Q

What is the blood supply to the fundus & neck of the bladder?

A

inferior vesical arteries

45
Q

In addition to the superior & inferior vesical arteries…which other arteries contribute some blood supply to the bladder?

A

obturator arteries

inferior gluteal arteries

46
Q

What are the 2 ways in which the pelvic veins don’t follow the course of the internal iliac artery?

A

umbilical & iliolumbar arteries

47
Q

Generally speaking: where do the pelvic veins drain?

A

into internal iliac veins–>common iliac veins

48
Q

Roughly describe the venous drainage of the male pelvis.

A 
deep dorsal vein of the penis
venous plexus (vesical/prostatic)
inferior vesical vein
internal iliac vein
49
Q

How long is the ureter? What is its course?

A

25-30 cm long
retroperitoneal by the IVC & Aorta until it crosses the pelvic brim & enters the pelvic cavity @ the bifurcation of the iliacs

50
Q

the ureter is in contact with the peritoneum until….

A

until the ductus deferens passes over it

51
Q

T/F Seminal Glands store sperm.

A

FALSE

52
Q

Note: the seminal glands meet the vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct. What are the components of the secretion from the seminal glands?

A

it is alkaline & contains fructose & coagulating agents

53
Q

What is the blood supply/venous drainage of the seminal glands?

A

inferior vesical artery/vein

middle rectal artery/vein

54
Q

Which lobe of the prostate causes problems with urination?

A

the median lobe

55
Q

Which lobe of the prostate gland do you feel with a physical exam?

A

the posterior lobe

56
Q

Which lobe of the prostate is also called the isthmus?

A

the anterior lobe

57
Q

What are the different lobes of the prostate & where is each located?

A

anterior: anterior to the urethra
lateral: either side of the urethra
posterior: posterior to the urethra & inferior to the ejaculatory duct
median: posterior to the urethra & superior to the ejaculatory duct

58
Q

What is the relationship b/w the 3 venous plexuses?

A

they are continuous w/ each other
the vesical venous plexus is superior to the prostatic venous plexus
the internal vertebral venous plexus is posterior to the prostatic venous plexus

59
Q

What is the venous drainage of the prostate gland?

A

prostatic venous plexus–>internal iliac veins

60
Q

What is the arterial blood supply to the prostate gland?

A

inferior vesical
middle rectal
internal pudendal arteries

61
Q

What are the 4 parts of the urethra & where is each located?

A

Preprostatic Urethra: before the internal urethral sphincter
Prostatic Urethra: thru the prostate gland
Membranous Urethra: thru the external urethral sphincter & deep perineal pouch
Spongy Urethra: thru the corpus spongiosium part of the penis

62
Q

Where do the ejaculatory ducts open into?

A

the seminal colliculus below the prostatic utricle in the male urethra

63
Q

Where do the bulbourethral glands open up?

A

their ducts are distal to the external urethral sphincter & go into the spongy part of the urethra

64
Q

Where does sperm leave the penis?

A

@ the external urethral orifice

65
Q

Where can sperm be stored?

A

epididymis & vas deferens

66
Q

What percentage of the semen volume is from seminal glands? What are the components of this secretion & their purpose?

A

60% of semen volume
alkaline–fight the acidic environment of the female
fructose–a snack along the way
ascorbic acid–protection
prostaglandins–motility & protection
fibrinogen–clotting, keep the semen in the female reproductive tract

67
Q

What percentage of the semen volume is from the prostate gland? What are the components of this secretion & their purpose?

A

20% of semen volume
slightly acidic
Zinc–chromatin stability
Citric Acid–protection
Acid Phosphatase–liquefaction of semen
PSA–liquification of semen & dissolving of cervical mucus
profibrinolysin–liquefies coagulated semen

68
Q

What percentage of the semen volume is from the bulbourethral glands? What are the components of this secretion & their purpose?

A 
1% of semen volume
a little phosphate & bicarb
MainlY: Go Make Peter
galactose--snack along the way
mucus
pre-ejaculate
69
Q

Which 2 things are sometimes elevated in prostate cancer? Which gland do they come from?

A

Acid Phosphatase
PSA
From the prostate gland

70
Q

Which lobe of the prostate usu causes problems for the bladder? What does this look like in terms of benign hypertrophy of the prostate?

A 
median lobe
projects into the bladder
causes nocturia, dysuria, urgency
can cause cystitis & kidney damage
incomplete voiding
71
Q

Which lobe does prostatic carcinoma usu occur in?

A

the posterior lobe

72
Q

What are 2 routes of metastasis of prostate cancer?

A

Venous:
prostatic plexus–>internal iliac vein–>vertebral venous plexus–>vertebrae–>brain
Lymph:
internal iliac & sacral lymph nodes–>distant lymph nodes

Block 3; Week 5 Michelle (5 decks)

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