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PHM 507 > Male Health > Flashcards

Male Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary purpose of the male reproductive system?

A

produce and deliver sperm for fertilization

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2
Q

What process forms male gametes?

A

spermatogenesis

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3
Q

Which hormone regulates male secondary sexual characteristics

A

testosterone

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4
Q

What do Leydig cells produce?

A

testosterone

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5
Q

What is the role of sertoli cells?

A

support/nourish developing sperm

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6
Q

What hormones are released from the anterior pituitary gland in males?

A

LH and FSH

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7
Q

What happens during puberty in males regarding hormone release?

A

LH and FSH are released at an enhanced rate, stimulating testosterone production and sperm maturation

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8
Q

What is the process by which sperm cells mature into spermatozoa?

A

spermatogenesis

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9
Q

Where do sperm storage and maturation occur?

A

epididymis

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10
Q

What is the function of seminal vessicles?

A

produce seminal fluid, contributing to semen volume

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11
Q

What is the role of the prostate gland?

A

contributes seminal fluid and surrounds the ejaculatory duct

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12
Q

What is erectile dysfunction (ED)?

A

the inability to achieve/maintain an erection

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13
Q

What are common causes of ED?

A

Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, organic causes (neurological/vascular disorders, medication, trauma), and psychological issues (anxiety/depression)

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14
Q

What characterizes hypogonadism?

A

insufficient production of testosterone
-classified as primary or secondary
- cause is multifactorial

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15
Q

What is the main treatment for low testosterone levels (hypogonadism)?

A

testosterone replacement therapy (TRT)

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16
Q

What is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

A

non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate, common in older men. BHP leading cause of LUTS in older men

17
Q

What symptoms are associated with BPH?

A

urinary frequency, urgency, and difficulty urinating

18
Q

What is the purpose of a digital rectal exam (DRE)?

A

to assess prostate size, shape, and texture for abnormalities indicative of BPH or other conditions

19
Q

What triggers the process of micturition (urination)?

A

stretch receptors in the bladder signaling the need to urinate

20
Q

What is overactive bladder (OAB)?

A

a condition characterized by an overwhelming urge to urinate, often w/ increased frequency

21
Q

What is the primary function of the testes and where is it locates?

A

to produce sperm. located w/in the scrotum

22
Q

What are the phases of spermatogenesis?

A
  1. spermatogonia phase
    –> mitosis to form primary spermatocytes
  2. spermatocyte phase
    –> primary-meiosis I, secondary-meiosis II
  3. spermatid phase
    –> develops tail for swimming
23
Q

Erection is mediated by what?

A

PNS

24
Q

Ejaculation is mediated by what?

A

SNS

25
Q

Primary hypogonadism results from what?

A

direct dysfunction of the testes
-Klinefelter syndrome (extra X)

26
Q

Secondary hypogonadism results from what?

A

problems w/ the hypothalamus or pituitary gland
-tumors, genetic disorders (affecting HPGA)

27
Q

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) metabolizes and is essential for what?

A

DHT metabolizes testosterone by 5-alpha-reductase. Essential for normal & hyperplastic growth

28
Q

TURPS is what?

A

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
- surgical intervention to help with BPH

29
Q

What is the process of micturition?

A

1.bladder fills (signals need to urine)
2.detrusor muscle contracts = increase bladder pressure
3.internal urethral sphincter (involuntary muscle) relax
4. external urethral sphincter (voluntary muscle) relax to release urine from urethra out body

30
Q

The types of urinary incontinence are?

A

stress, urge, mixed, functional, overflow, transient

PHM 507 (5 decks)

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