Male Health Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of the male reproductive system?
produce and deliver sperm for fertilization
What process forms male gametes?
spermatogenesis
Which hormone regulates male secondary sexual characteristics
testosterone
What do Leydig cells produce?
testosterone
What is the role of sertoli cells?
support/nourish developing sperm
What hormones are released from the anterior pituitary gland in males?
LH and FSH
What happens during puberty in males regarding hormone release?
LH and FSH are released at an enhanced rate, stimulating testosterone production and sperm maturation
What is the process by which sperm cells mature into spermatozoa?
spermatogenesis
Where do sperm storage and maturation occur?
epididymis
What is the function of seminal vessicles?
produce seminal fluid, contributing to semen volume
What is the role of the prostate gland?
contributes seminal fluid and surrounds the ejaculatory duct
What is erectile dysfunction (ED)?
the inability to achieve/maintain an erection
What are common causes of ED?
Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, organic causes (neurological/vascular disorders, medication, trauma), and psychological issues (anxiety/depression)
What characterizes hypogonadism?
insufficient production of testosterone
-classified as primary or secondary
- cause is multifactorial
What is the main treatment for low testosterone levels (hypogonadism)?
testosterone replacement therapy (TRT)
What is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate, common in older men. BHP leading cause of LUTS in older men
What symptoms are associated with BPH?
urinary frequency, urgency, and difficulty urinating
What is the purpose of a digital rectal exam (DRE)?
to assess prostate size, shape, and texture for abnormalities indicative of BPH or other conditions
What triggers the process of micturition (urination)?
stretch receptors in the bladder signaling the need to urinate
What is overactive bladder (OAB)?
a condition characterized by an overwhelming urge to urinate, often w/ increased frequency
What is the primary function of the testes and where is it locates?
to produce sperm. located w/in the scrotum
What are the phases of spermatogenesis?
- spermatogonia phase
–> mitosis to form primary spermatocytes - spermatocyte phase
–> primary-meiosis I, secondary-meiosis II - spermatid phase
–> develops tail for swimming
Erection is mediated by what?
PNS
Ejaculation is mediated by what?
SNS
Primary hypogonadism results from what?
direct dysfunction of the testes
-Klinefelter syndrome (extra X)
Secondary hypogonadism results from what?
problems w/ the hypothalamus or pituitary gland
-tumors, genetic disorders (affecting HPGA)
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) metabolizes and is essential for what?
DHT metabolizes testosterone by 5-alpha-reductase. Essential for normal & hyperplastic growth
TURPS is what?
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
- surgical intervention to help with BPH
What is the process of micturition?
1.bladder fills (signals need to urine)
2.detrusor muscle contracts = increase bladder pressure
3.internal urethral sphincter (involuntary muscle) relax
4. external urethral sphincter (voluntary muscle) relax to release urine from urethra out body
The types of urinary incontinence are?
stress, urge, mixed, functional, overflow, transient
