Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

clin med GU > male gu disorders > Flashcards

male gu disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is a hydrocele?

A

Abnormal, painless collection of fluid in tunica vaginalis that leads to swelling of scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 2 types of hydrocele’s?

A

communicating and non-communicating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a communicating hydrocele?

A

Congenital, most common in children <12 yo
Secondary to a patent process vaginalis
Congenital patent processus vaginalis which allows peritoneal fluid to travel into the tunica vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a non-communicating hydrocele?

A 
Acquired
No defects
Imbalance in rates of fluid secretion and reabsorption w/in a closed tunical vaginalis
MC in adults
Iatrogenic
acute epidymitis
viral dz
malignancy
torsion
trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the S/S of a hydrocele?

A

painless swelling n groin or scrotum
may be described as heaviness
may increase in size through out the day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what would you want to ask a person in HPI about with hydrocele?

A

ask about onset
Hx of prior panful swelling in groin or scrotum
hx of surgeries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the diff on PE between communicating vs non-communicating?

A

comm: fluctuant that can be manually reduced
non-comm: fluctuant that cannot be manually reduced
Can transilluminate will glow soft red color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the tx for hydrocele?

A

in children watchful waiting
or surgery
in adults surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a vericocele?

A

dilated vein of spermatic cord

MC correctable cause of infertility in men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the etiology of varicocele

A

valve insufficiency

pathogensis increased pressure in veins d/t valve insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are s/s of varicocele

A

often asymptomatic

occasionally painful or heavy sensation that is worse w/ prolonged standing and improved when supine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what will the PE findings be like for a varicocele?

A

bag of works appearance

increases w/valsalva, decrease when supine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what labs/imagining would you want to order?

A

Scrotal US w/doppler used to assess for venous reflux and assess testicular volume for hypoplasia
semen analysis
consider Abdominal US if varicocele does not decrease when supine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the Grade I,II,III varicocele classification

A

I: palpable during valsalva only
II: palpable w/o valsalva
III: visible from distance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is Tx for varicocele

A

symptomatic scrotal support, analgesics

surgery venous ligation or embolization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a spematocele?

A

Benign cystic accumulation of sperm that arises from the head of the epididymis
Can develop on the testicle itself or anywhere along the vas deferens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the epidemiology of spermatocele

A

prevalance unknown

30% of cases identified on US that is being performed for other reasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the signs/symptoms

PE findings?

A

typically asymptomatic accidentally found on exam
PE: arise from head of epipdidymis therefore they are superior to testicle and are round and smooth cyst will transilluminate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how is a spermatocele dx

A

clinical dx based on hx and exam and confirmed by US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the tx for a spermatocele

A

if asymptomatic no tx just monitor

if symptomatic, progressively enlarging or bothersome to pt then surgical excision or sclerotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the prevalence of epididymitis

A

600,000
MC in men 18-35
Bi-modal distribution 16-30 years old and 51-70yrs old

22
Q

what is the etiology of epididymitis

A

men35 UTI MC ecoli

23
Q

what are Rf for epididymitis

A

sexually active

pubertal boys and men>35: recent urinary tract surgery, BPH, cysts

24
Q

what are signs/symptoms of epididymitis?

A

fever/chills
testicular pain and swelling
dysuria, urgency, frequency
hematuria

25
Q

what are the PE finding like for epididymitis?

A

scrotal erythema
pain may be releaved with testicular elevation
may have suprapubic tenderness or CVA if UTI
urethral d/c

26
Q

what is the tx for epididymitis?

A

tx empirically do not delay while waiting for culture
symptomatic scrotal elevation ice and rest
Abx: if STD ceftriaxone or doxy
if enteric organism: Levofloxacin or ofloxacin
Follow up 2-7 days after tx
may take upto 4 wks

27
Q

what is orchitis

A

acute inflammatory rxn of the testes secondary to infx

most cases are associated with viral mumps, other viruses or bacteria can cause this

28
Q

what is epidemiology of orchitis

A

20% of prepubertal boys w/ mumps will develop orchitis
happens primarily in boys under 10yrs old
men> 50yrs old d/t obstruction

29
Q

what is the MCC of orchitis?

A

mumps

30
Q

s/s of orchitis?

A

acute onset
testicular pain and swelling
fever, chills, nausea, malaise, myalgia
in mumps orchitis develops 4-7 days after parotitis

31
Q

PE findings of orchitis?

A

enlargement of testicle w/ induration
testicular tenderness
skin of scrotum erythematous and edematous

32
Q

diagnosis of orchitis

A

mumps- based of hx and PE alone
sexually active males urethral cultures and gram stain and U/A culture
US doppler r/o torsion and show inflammation

33
Q

tx for orchitis

A 
supportive care: 
bed rest, hot/cold pack for pain
scrotal elevation
if viral mumps will reslove in 3-10days
Abx start empirically based on bacteria
34
Q

what is testicular torsion?

A

Twisting of the spermatic cord causing obstructed blood flow (venous return) leading to compromised arterial flow and ischemia

35
Q

what types of torsion are there?

A

torsions of testes- spermatic cord occurs during neonatal period and puberty
torsions of appendix- remnant of mullarian duct and located superior anterior

36
Q

Rf of testicular torsion

A

90% associated with bell clapper deformity of intravaginal torsion
testicular tumor
hx of undescended teste
long intrascrotal portion of spermatic cord

37
Q

s/s of testicular torsion

A

severe unilateral scrotal pain
scrotal swelling
abdominal pain
n/v

38
Q

PE findings of testicular torsion

A 
epididymis diplaced
teste not in norm position
testicle may be higher in scrotum
affected testicle may be enlarged
cremater reflex absent
39
Q

PE for torsions of appendix testis

A

pain usually located at superior pole
point tenderness
blue dot
cremaster reflex present

40
Q

testicular torsion dx

A

U/S doppler only if dx in question and low suspicion of torsion or pain >6hrs
will show low echogenic lesion w/central hypoechoic area

41
Q

tx for testicular torsion

A

manual detorsion
-quick, non-invasive
pts is supine and provider rotates testis away from midline if successful immediate pain relief and still needs orchioplexy

42
Q

what causes urethritis

A

STD MC

43
Q

classifications of urethritis

A

gonorrhea urethritis
non-gonococcal urethritis
idopathic
trauma related- catheter, FB

44
Q

epidemiology urethritis

A

men>25

45
Q

urethritis RF

A

incresed # of sex partners
lack of condoms
prior STD/Urethritis
recent catheter or FB insertion

46
Q

s/s urethritis

A 
urethral d/c: GCU opaque, yellow or white
NGU:scant, mucoid, clear
dysuria
urethral pruritis
hematuria
painful intercourse/ejaculation
47
Q

urethritis PE findings

A

urethral meatus may be erythematous, tender w or w/o swelling
Urethral discharge

48
Q

how to Dx urethritis

A

gram stain discharge
PCR/ (NAAT)
urine or urethral swab 1cm in urethra with a gentle twist

49
Q

urethritis TX

A

GCU: ceftriaxone 125mg IM or cefixime
NGU: azithromycin or doxy
Trichomonas: get metronidazole

50
Q

urethritis follow up

A

if recurrent symptoms
retest in 3mths is recommended
abstinance x 1wk following tx
Tx all sexual partners

clin med GU (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions