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Paige: Repro > Male GU > Flashcards

Male GU Flashcards

1
Q

what’s it called when an uncirc. male can’t retract the foreskin to the corona of the glans

like a head stuck in a turtle neck

A

phimosis

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2
Q

what’s it called when there is tight forskin around the head of the penis

like you can’t get the turtle’s head back in

A

paraphimosis

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3
Q

how do you treat phimosis and paraphimosis?

A

circumsize

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4
Q

what is balantitis?

A

infx of the head of the penis

MC fungal

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5
Q

how do you treat balantitis?

A

OTC antifungals like monistat

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6
Q

what type of cancer is penile cancer?

A

squamous cell

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7
Q

what disease feels like a bag of worms on the testicles?

A

varicocele

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8
Q

what disease feels like there’s water in the testicle?

A

hydrocele

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9
Q

what is the disease where the urethral meatus is not at the tip of the penis?

A

hypospadias

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10
Q

what 4 things can cause urinary obstruction?

A
  1. BPH
  2. other structure
  3. weak detrusor muscle
  4. self-catheterization (or is this tx? idk)
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11
Q

what is the only male GU emergency?

A

testicular torsion

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12
Q

what is impotence/ED defined as?

A

a man can’t get erect, can’t ejaculate, or both

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13
Q

what is the treatment if impotence/ED is psychogenic?

A

SSRIs

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14
Q

name 5 organic causes of impotence/ED

A
  1. hormonal
  2. drugs
  3. neuro
  4. vascular disease
  5. penile disease
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15
Q

penile disase??? what penile disease causes impotence???

A

peyronies disease

(rigid scarring of the penis that causes a crooked and painful erection)

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16
Q

what lab value do you always get for impotence?

A

testosterone

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17
Q

what lab values do you order if testosterone is low?

A

prolactin and LH

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18
Q

what causes hypogonadism?

A

low testosterone

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19
Q

is testosterone absorbed well PO?

A

nope

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20
Q

how do you administer testosterone to get a good effect?

A

Depo IM injection

topical cream ($$$)

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21
Q

how often do you recheck testosterone levels?

A

q 2-3 months

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22
Q

what 4 broad categories of treatment are there for ED?

A
  1. PDE-5 inhibitors
  2. Prostaglandin E1
  3. Vacuum device
  4. Therapy
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23
Q

how is prostaglandin E1 administered?

A

penile injection

(as you can imagine there is poor long-term adherence)

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24
Q

what are the 5 categories of UTIs in men?

A

a) cystitis
b) urethritis
c) epididymitis
d) prostatitis
e) pyelonephritis

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25
Q

what bacteria MC causes cystitis?

A

E. Coli

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26
Q

what bacteria MC causes urethritis?

A

normal flora or chlamydia

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27
Q

what is non-infectious urethritis called?

A

Reiter syndrome

28
Q

what age group gets epididymitis?

A

younger men

29
Q

what bacteria MC causes epididymitis?

A

chlamydia

(if older, think E. Coli)

30
Q

how does epididymitis present?

A

unilateral pain at the top of the testicle with sudden onset

31
Q

what age group gets acute prostatitis?

A

young men

32
Q

what bacteria MC causes acute prostatitis?

A

E. Coli

33
Q

what causes chronic prostatitis?

A

recurrent infx or inflammation

34
Q

how do you get a bacterial culture for prostatitis?

A

do a prostate massage to get sample

35
Q

what lab test gives you the type of bacteria in infectious diseases?

A

gram stain and culture

36
Q

what are the sx of prostatitis?

A

fever/chills

prostate tenderness

dysuria + urinary frequency

low back pain

37
Q

what do you call male GU pain with no infx present?

A

prostatodynia

38
Q

what drugs work well to treat GU infx?

A

bactrim

FQs like cipro

nitrofurantoin

(and doxy wasn’t on this list but was mentioned a lot)

39
Q

how do you treat an overactive bladder?

A

anticholinergics

40
Q

what age group gets testic cancer?

A

20-40

41
Q

what are risk factors for testic cancer?

A

undescended testicle (“cryptorchidism”)

white

frequent UTIs or kidney stones

uncirc.

multiple partners

42
Q

what will you feel on PE with testic cancer?

A

painless lump on testicle

43
Q

what are the 2 testic cancer tumor markers?

A

hcg

afp

44
Q

where does testic cancer METS to?

A

lungs

45
Q

what are the 2 types of testic cancer tumors and which is less aggressive?

A

a) seminoma tumor (less aggressive)
b) non-seminomatous tumor

46
Q

how do you treat testic cancer?

A

surg removal (orchiopexy)

chemo

47
Q

if an older gentleman is having hesitancy, dribbling, frequency of urination, and nocturia, what should you be thinking?

A

BPH

48
Q

how many men get BPH by age 80

A

90%

49
Q

how do you decide whether to treat BPH?

A

only if sx are present!!!

50
Q

what are the medication options for BPH?

A

alpha1 adrenergic blockers (selective or non-selective)

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors

combo product

phytotherapy like saw palmetto

51
Q

what are the 5 surgeries for BPH?

A

TURP

TUMT

TUNA

TULIP

HoLAP

52
Q

which surgery involves microwave removal of the gland?

A

TUMP

53
Q

which surgery involves heat removal of the gland?

A

TUNA

54
Q

which 2 therapies involve laser treatment?

A

TULIP

HoLAP

55
Q

what is the 2nd-3rd MC cause of cancer death in men?

A

prostate cancer

56
Q

what is the lifetime risk of a man getting prostate cancer just because he is alive?

A

16%

57
Q

what is a major factor in the development of prostate cancer?

A

genes

58
Q

what type of cancer is prostate cancer?

A

adenocarcinoma

59
Q

what are the sx of prostate cancer?

A

asx until it METS

60
Q

what scale is used as a prognostic factor for prostate cancer?

A

Gleason’s scoring (scale of 1-5)

61
Q

what part of the prostate does cancer usu. begin on?

A

posterior part

62
Q

how do you dx prostate cancer?

A

bx +/- US

63
Q

what is PSA?

A

prostate specific antigen

elevated in many cases, but very non-specific

64
Q

where does prostate cancer spread?

A

lymph

bone

65
Q

what are the 4 treatment options for prostate cancer?

A

surgery (radical prostatectomy)

robot prostatectomy

radiation (not curative)

HT (not curative)

Paige: Repro (9 decks)

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