Male Genitalia and Hernias Flashcards
What forms the shaft of the penis?
corpus spongiosum (containing the urethra) two corpora cavernosa
What forms the bulb of the penis?
corpus spongiosum
What is smegma?
cheesy whitish secretions of the glans penis
What do the testes contain?
interstitial tissue and seminiferous tubules
What triggers pubertal growth in men?
5-alpha dihydrotestosterone
What regulates sperm production?
FSH
Where do sperm mature? Where are the stored?
epididumus
Secretions from which 3 structures make up the seminal fluid?
seminal vessicle
vasa diferentia
prostate
Increased levels of what result in vasodilation?
NO and cyclic GMP
Where do lymphatics from the penile and scrotal surfaces drain into? testes?
inguinal nodes
LN in abdomen (clinically undetectable)
What is an inguinal hernia?
When loops of bowel force their way through weak areas of the inguinal canal
What types of hernias are more likely to present as emergencies? Why?
femoral; due to bowel incarceration or strangulation
Where do indirect inguinal hernias develop?
at the internal inguinal ring, where the spermatic cord exits the abdomen.
Where do Direct inguinal hernias develop?
more medially from weakness in the floor of the inguinal canal
What are direct hernias associated with?
heavy straining or lifting
What may cause a lack of libido?
psychogenic causes such as depression, endocrine dysfunction or medication side effects
What is yellow penile discharge indicative of? white?
gonorrhea
chlamydia
What is the client-centered counseling approach?
interactive and informative about general risk reduction
What method is highly effective in preventing the trasmission of HIV, HPV and other STIs?
correct use of a male condom
At what age should boys be vaccinated for HPV?
9-26
What is the most common cancer in men ages 15-34?
testicular cancer
How often should males preform testicular examinations?
once a month
How should the patient be positioned when checking for hernias or varicoceles? Where should you be?
Patient standing
You sitting
How do you inspect for discharge?
lightly squeeze glans with first 2 fingers and thumb to open the urethral meatus
When should palpation of the shaft be omitted?
in a young asymptomatic patient
what is phimosis?
tight prepuce that cannot be retracted over the glans
what is paraphimosis?
tight prepuce that once retracted cannot be returned
What is balanitis
inflammation of the glans
What is balanoposthitis?
inflammation of the glans and prepuce
What is hypospadias?
congenital ventral displacement of the meatus on the top of the penis
How do we diagnose gonorrhea and chlamydia?
gram stain and culture
What is cryptorchidism?
undecended testicle
What are common scrotal swellings?
indirect inguinal hernias
hydroceles
scrotal edema
What do tortuous veins signify?
varicocele
What is a cyst like structure in the spermatic cord?
hydrocele
What is translumination?
turn lights off, shine a light through the scrotum to inspect for swelling in the scrotum other than the testicles
used with hydroceles
internal ring =
indirect
Over what mass can bowel sounds be heard?
hernia
what is the difference between incarerated and stragulated hernias?
incarcerated - cannot be returned ti the abdomen
straggled- blood supply to the entrapped contents is comprimised
when do you suspect strangulation?
n/v and tenderness
When is a TSE best preformed?
after a warm shower or bath
what is peyronie’s disease?
palpable nontender, heard plaques are found just beneath the skin, usually along the dorsum of the penis. The patient complains of crooked, painful erections
What disease is associated with small testes?
klinefelters syndrome
What has a thickened beading of the vas deferens?
TB epididymitis
indirect hernias:
all ages
above inguinal ligament
goes into the scrotum
direct hernias:
men older than 40
above pubic tubercle
rarely goes into scrotum
femoral hernias
more common in women
below inguinal ligament and lateral
never into the scrotum
