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STEP 8: EndoRepro PATHOMA FA > Male Genital System Pathology_PATHOMA > Flashcards

Male Genital System Pathology_PATHOMA Flashcards

1
Q

Testicular SEMINOMA is what ovarian tumor counterpart?

A

OVARIAN DYSGERMINOMA

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2
Q

Classically ELEVATED AFP = what testicular tumor? ELEVATED beta-HCG?

A

AFP - classically yolk sac tumor

b-HCG - classically choriocarcinoma

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3
Q

Schiller-Duval Bodies (glomeruloid-like) structures seen in which tumors? (Male and Female)

A

MALE: Yolk Sac Tumor
FEMALE: Ovarian Tumor

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4
Q

INCREASED AFP testicular tumor Ddx:

A

CLASSICALLY NON-SEMINOMA: YOLK SAC TUMOR, Maybe EMBRYONAL carcinoma, TERATOMA

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5
Q

INCREASED b-HCG testicular tumor Ddx:

A

CLASSICALLY NON-SEMINOMA: CHORIOCARCINOMA, Maybe EMBRYONAL carcinoma, TERATOMA
RARELY SEMINOMA

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6
Q

Which testicular tumor has the poorest prognosis due to early hematogenous spread?

A

NON-SEMINOMA: Embryonal carcinoma has the poorest prognosis

although all non-seminomas generally have a poor prognosis bec of early metastasis relative to seminomas

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7
Q

Which testicular tumor might you also get hyperthyroidism and gynecomastia?

A

CHORIOCARCINOMA
Bec increased beta-HCG and its alpha subunit that is very similar to FSH/LH/TSH -> Increased activation of
FSH/LH - gynceomastia; TSH - hyperthyroidism

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8
Q

What type of masses do you see with a pt who has choriocarcinoma. Be specific with sizes.

A

SMALL NODULE on testicle
LARGE Mass elsewhere (lung, liver)
Exception of normal cancer metastases

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9
Q

Name pertinent lab results of CHORIOCARCINOMA.

A

CLASSICALLY increased beta-HCG,

Possible Increased FSH/LH/TSH due to similarity in structure

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10
Q

What is the most common sex cord tumor? Is it hormonally active or silent? Name the other one.

A

**most common LEYDIG CELL TUMOR - Hormonally ACTIVE

SERTOLI CELL TUMOR - Hormonally SILENT

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11
Q

Pt presents with testicular mass + enlarged fallices + pubic/axillary hair. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

LEYDIG CELL TUMOR - Hormonally active. Increased androgens and estrogens

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12
Q

Which feature is pathognomonic for Leydig cells? If histology shows this feature, can I safely assume that this pt has a LEYDIG CELL TUMOR?

A

REINKE CRYSTALS

NO - These are present in BOTH normal benign + malignant Leydig cells

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13
Q

Are SEX CORD TESTICULAR TUMORS usually benign or malignant? Are GERM CELL TESTICULAR TUMORS usually benign or malignant?

A

SCT - usually benign; Leydig cell tumors - hormonally active, Sertoli cell tumors - hormonally silent
GCT - usually malignant

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14
Q

Which is the only testicular GCT that is a PAINFUL testicular mass?

A

EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA - coincidently has the POOREST PROGNOSIS

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15
Q

What are the two most common bacterial causes of ACUTE PROSTATIS in younger adults?

A

CHLAMYDIA trachomatis

NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE

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16
Q

What are the two most common bacterial causes of ACUTE PROSTATIS in older adults?

A

E.COLI

PSEUDOMONAS

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17
Q

What is the clinical presentation of ACUTE PROSTATIS?

A

Dysuria + Fever/Chills

18
Q

How can one confirm ACUTE PROSTATIS on DRE and Culture?

A

DRE: Prostate is TENDER + BOGGY** (highyield)

Prostatic Secretions - WBC, culture show bacteria

19
Q

What is the unique feature of CHRONIC PROSTATIS that distinguishes it from ACUTE PROSTATIS?

A

CHRONIC PROSTATIS - Has pelvic/low back pain + dysuria rather than fever/chill + dysuria

20
Q

What will PROSATATIC SECRETIONS/CULTURE show on CHRONIC prostatis? which are different than ACUTE prostatis

A

CHRONIC:

  1. WBC on prostatic secretions (Same as acute)
  2. NEGATIVE CULTURE (Diff from acute)
21
Q

What penile disorder is the opening of the urethra on the INFERIOR surface of the penis? What is the most common embryological cause?

A

HYPOSPADIAS - Due to failure of urethral folds to close

22
Q

What penile disorder is the opening of the urethra onto the SUPERIOR surface of the penis? What is the most common embryologic cause of this?

A

EPISPADIAS - Due to abnormal positioning of the genital tubercle

23
Q

Which condition is EPISPADIAS associated with?

A

BLADDER EXSTROPHY - opening of the anterior wall of the abdomen at the lower portion above the bladder -> bladder wall is also not formed properly -> complete exposure of the bladder wall

24
Q

RAISINOID NUCLEI = what type of histological change? What is the pathologic condition? What viral infections are they most commonly associated with?

A

KOILOCYTIC CHANGES - Male/Female CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM

Asssociated with HPV6 or HPV11

25
Q

What is LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM?

A

Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the INGUINAL lymphatics + lymph nodes

26
Q

What is the most common bacterial organism responsible for LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM?

A

CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS L1-L3

27
Q

Does LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM eventually heal?

A

YES, with fibrosis

28
Q

What is a possible complication of LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM?

A

RECTAL STRICTURE - if there’s perianal involvement

29
Q

Which medication is given to a pt with HTN + BPH?

A

alpha1-antagonist (TERAZOSIN - acts on both alpha1A - prostrate obstruction relief + alpha1B - BV smooth muscle wall)

30
Q

Which medication is given to a pt who is NORMOTENSIVE + BPH

A

alpha1A-antagonist (TAMULOSIN - only acts on prostate obstruction relief)

31
Q

Which medication directly decreases the production of DHT associated with BPH?

A

5-alpha reductase INHIBITOR (FINASTERIDE)

32
Q

FINASTERIDE can be administered for which conditions?

A

BPH + Male pattern baldness

33
Q

What are the disadvantages of FINASTERIDE in terms of pharmacokinetics + side effects?

A

Takes months to work + Side effects of gynecomastia + sexual dysfunction

34
Q

Which PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITOR is the only one that can be used for BPH?

A

TALADAFIL

35
Q

What are the 2 risk factors of penile SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA?

A

HIGH RISK HPV 16/18/31/33

LACK OF CIRCUMCISION

36
Q

What are the 2 most common bacterial organisms responsible for ORCHITIS in YOUNG, SEXUALLY ACTIVE ADULTS?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis D-K

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

37
Q

What are the 2 most common bacterial organisms responsible for ORCHITIS in older adults?

A

E.coli

Pseudomonas

38
Q

Where is inflammation possible due to MUMPS VIRUS?

A

**Most classically, PAROTID gland

MUMPS - “MOPP”: Meningitis (aseptic) + Orchitis (age >10yo) + Parotitis + Pancreatitis

39
Q

Ddx of granulomas involving the seminiferous tubules: What is a characteristic of the granuloma that differentiates the two?

A

Autoimmune orchitis - NON-NECROTIZING GRANULOMA

TB - NECROTIZING GRANULOMA, AFB + Stain

40
Q

What is TESTICULAR TORSION? What is the most common cause?

A

Testicular Torsion = Twisting of the spermatic cord

Most common cause: Failure of the base of the testes to attach to the inner lining of the scrotum

41
Q

What is seen on gross examination and on physical exam to confirm testicular torsion?

A
  1. Gross examination - HEMORRHAGIC INFARCT (Incoming blood supply after tissue died + loosely organized tissue)
  2. PE - Absent Cremaster reflex
42
Q

What is the most common association of left spermatic vein varicocele (Dilation due to impaired drainage)?

A

LEFT RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

STEP 8: EndoRepro PATHOMA FA (7 decks)

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