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Pathoma > Male Genital System > Flashcards

Male Genital System Flashcards

1
Q

Failure of urethral folds to close –> opening of urethra on inferior surface of penis

A

Hypospadias

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2
Q

Due to abnormal positioning of genital tubercle

A

Epispadias

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3
Q

Opening of urethra on inferior surface of penis (ventral)

A

HYPOspadias; due failure of urethral folds to close

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4
Q

Opening of urethra of superior surface of penis; due to abnormal positioning of genital tubercle

A

Epispadias

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5
Q

Associated w/ Bladder Exstrophy

A

Epispadias

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6
Q

Condyloma Acuminatum (warts)

A

HPV 6 and 11 infection
benign, warty growth on genitals
Koilocytic change - raisin appearing nuclei

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7
Q

Hallmark of HPV infection

A

Koilocytic change - raisin appearing nuclei

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8
Q

LymphoGranuloma Venereum

A

STD caused by the invasive serovars L1, L2, L2a or L3 of Chlamydia trachomatis

LGV is primarily an infection of lymphatics and lymph nodes; leads to Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of inguinal lymphatics and lymph nodes

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9
Q

STD caused by the invasive serovars L1, L2, L2a or L3 of Chlamydia trachomatis

A

LymphoGranuloma Venereum

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10
Q

Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of inguinal lymphatics and lymph nodes

A

LymphoGranuloma Venereum

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11
Q

Squamous Cell CA of Penis

A

malignant proliferation of squamous cells of penile skin
2/3 due to high risk HPV (16, 18, 31, 33)
Also can be due to lack of circumcision

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12
Q

High Risk HPVs

A

16
18
31
33

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13
Q

Precursor lesions of squamous cell

A 
Bowen disease (shaft)- carcinoma in situ
Erythroplasia of Queyrat (glans)- in situ glans
Bowenoid papulois (reddish papules)= DOES NOT progress to invasion - reddish papules on skin of penis that doesnt invade
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14
Q

Carcinoma in situ

A

a neoplastic entity wherein the tumor cells are still confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane; the likelihood of subsequent invasive growth is presumed to be high.

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15
Q

Cryptoorchidism

A

failure of testicle to descend into scrotal sac

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16
Q

Orchitis

A

inflammation of the testicle

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17
Q

Causes of Orchitis

A

inflammation of the testicle
caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis D-K
or N Gonorrhea

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18
Q

Stain to check for TB

A

AFB- Acid Fast Bacilli

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19
Q

Testicular torsion

A

Twisting of the spermatic cord –> closes of the vein but keeps the artery open –> blood comes in but cant go out = infarction - blood keeps coming it but wont get flow across organ since vein is blocked, so it leads to infarction in organ
Leads to hemorrhagic infraction
Due to congenital failure of testes to attach to inner lining of scrotum
Absent cremasteric reflex *

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20
Q

Absent cremasteric reflex in*

A

Testicular Torsion

21
Q

Varicocele

A

Dilation of spermatic/testicular vein due to impaired drainage ==> Bag of worms
Varicocele, usually L sided- associated w/ L sided Renal Cell Carcinoma **

22
Q

“Bag of worms”

A

Varicocele, usually L sided- associated w/ L sided Renal Cell Carcinoma **

23
Q

Hydrocele

A

Fluid collection w/n tunica vaginalis

Associated w/ incomplete closure of processus vaginalis or blockage of lymphatic drainage

24
Q

Scrotal swelling that can be transilluminated

A

Hydrocele

25
Q

testicular tumors

A
  • Arise from Germ Cells or Sex Cord stroma
  • Presents as firm, painless testicular mass that can NOT be transilluminated
  • Not biopsied
26
Q

Tumors that are NOT biopsied *

A

testicular tumors
b/c
1. can potentially seed the scrotum w/ testicular tumor
2. vast majority (>95%) are Germ cell tumors which are mostly malignant

27
Q

Germ Cell Testicular Tumors

A

Most common type of testicular tumor
Usually b/w 45-50 yrs/o
Risk Factors: Cryptorchidism and Klinefelter Syndrome
Divided into seminoma and nonseminoma

28
Q

Seminoma

malignant tumor of large cells w/ clear cytoplasm and central nuclei

A

Metastisizes late, responds to radiotherapy, and excellent prognosis

29
Q

Seminoma mass presents as**

A

Homogenous mass w/ no hemorrhage or necrosis

Good prognosis, responds to radiotherapy

30
Q

Embryonal carcinoma

A

non seminoma
malignant tumor of immature premature cells (primitive, like cells of the embryo)
** tumor can form glands
Hemorrhage mass w/ necrosis - aggressive w/ rapid spread
Tumor can differentiate due to chemotherapy
Increased AFP or BhCG may be present

31
Q

Homogenous mass with no hemorrhage and no necrosis (tumor)

A

Seminoma

32
Q

Tumor that can form glands

A

Embryonal carcinoma
aggressive, early hematogenous spread
Chemo can cause tumor to differentiate/ more mature; ie become a teratoma ***

33
Q

AFP and BhCG inc by

A

Embryonal CA

34
Q

Most common testicular tumor in a child, consider**

A

ie in a 5 yr old= Yolk Sac tumor

AFP elevated

35
Q

Syncytiotrophoblast –> **

A

Beta hCG

36
Q

Leydig cells produce

A

androgens

37
Q

Leydig cell tumor can lead to

A

precocious puberty in children or gynecomastia in adults

b/c Leydig cells produce androgens

38
Q

Sertoli cells line

A

the tubules

tumors are clinically silent

39
Q

Most testicular tumors are between ages

A

15 and 40

Germ cell tumor

40
Q

Testicular tumors in males above 60 y/o

A

bilateral, usually Lymphoma

diffuse large B cell type

41
Q

Syncitiotrophoblasts make

A

beta HCG **
may lead to hyperthyroidism or gynecomastia
b/c the alpha subunit is similar to alpha subunit of TSH, FSH and LH ‘ whose receps can be activated

42
Q

Tumor mimics placental tissue

A

Choriocarcinoma
malignant tumor of syncitiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts

spreads via blood

43
Q

Teratomas are benign in ___ and malignant in ___ **

A

females
males
-tumor of mature fetal tissue; derived from 2 or 3 embryonic layers

44
Q

Reinke crystals in **

A

Leydig cell tumors

45
Q

Prostrate sits below __ and anterior to __

A 
bladder
rectum (important for prostate exam; can palpate the posterior aspect of prostrate)
46
Q

prostrate secretes

A

alkaline fluid; added to sperm and seminal vesicle fluid

47
Q

Acute prostatitis caused by

A

C trochamatis + N gonorrhea (young adults)

E coli and Pseudomonas (adults)

48
Q

tender and boggy prostrate; dysuria, fever, chills

A

Acute prostatitis

49
Q

Dysuria with pelvic or low back pain

A

Chronic prostatitis

Pathoma (3 decks)

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