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Male Genital System Flashcards

1
Q

Failure of urethral folds to close –> opening of urethra on inferior surface of penis

A

Hypospadias

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2
Q

Due to abnormal positioning of genital tubercle

A

Epispadias

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3
Q

Opening of urethra on inferior surface of penis (ventral)

A

HYPOspadias; due failure of urethral folds to close

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4
Q

Opening of urethra of superior surface of penis; due to abnormal positioning of genital tubercle

A

Epispadias

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5
Q

Associated w/ Bladder Exstrophy

A

Epispadias

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6
Q

Condyloma Acuminatum (warts)

A

HPV 6 and 11 infection
benign, warty growth on genitals
Koilocytic change - raisin appearing nuclei

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7
Q

Hallmark of HPV infection

A

Koilocytic change - raisin appearing nuclei

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8
Q

LymphoGranuloma Venereum

A

STD caused by the invasive serovars L1, L2, L2a or L3 of Chlamydia trachomatis

LGV is primarily an infection of lymphatics and lymph nodes; leads to Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of inguinal lymphatics and lymph nodes

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9
Q

STD caused by the invasive serovars L1, L2, L2a or L3 of Chlamydia trachomatis

A

LymphoGranuloma Venereum

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10
Q

Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of inguinal lymphatics and lymph nodes

A

LymphoGranuloma Venereum

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11
Q

Squamous Cell CA of Penis

A

malignant proliferation of squamous cells of penile skin
2/3 due to high risk HPV (16, 18, 31, 33)
Also can be due to lack of circumcision

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12
Q

High Risk HPVs

A

16
18
31
33

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13
Q

Precursor lesions of squamous cell

A 
Bowen disease (shaft)- carcinoma in situ
Erythroplasia of Queyrat (glans)- in situ glans
Bowenoid papulois (reddish papules)= DOES NOT progress to invasion - reddish papules on skin of penis that doesnt invade
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14
Q

Carcinoma in situ

A

a neoplastic entity wherein the tumor cells are still confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane; the likelihood of subsequent invasive growth is presumed to be high.

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15
Q

Cryptoorchidism

A

failure of testicle to descend into scrotal sac

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16
Q

Orchitis

A

inflammation of the testicle

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17
Q

Causes of Orchitis

A

inflammation of the testicle
caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis D-K
or N Gonorrhea

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18
Q

Stain to check for TB

A

AFB- Acid Fast Bacilli

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19
Q

Testicular torsion

A

Twisting of the spermatic cord –> closes of the vein but keeps the artery open –> blood comes in but cant go out = infarction - blood keeps coming it but wont get flow across organ since vein is blocked, so it leads to infarction in organ
Leads to hemorrhagic infraction
Due to congenital failure of testes to attach to inner lining of scrotum
Absent cremasteric reflex *

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20
Q

Absent cremasteric reflex in*

A

Testicular Torsion

21
Q

Varicocele

A

Dilation of spermatic/testicular vein due to impaired drainage ==> Bag of worms
Varicocele, usually L sided- associated w/ L sided Renal Cell Carcinoma **

22
Q

“Bag of worms”

A

Varicocele, usually L sided- associated w/ L sided Renal Cell Carcinoma **

23
Q

Hydrocele

A

Fluid collection w/n tunica vaginalis

Associated w/ incomplete closure of processus vaginalis or blockage of lymphatic drainage

24
Q

Scrotal swelling that can be transilluminated

25
testicular tumors
- Arise from Germ Cells or Sex Cord stroma - Presents as firm, painless testicular mass that can NOT be transilluminated - Not biopsied
26
Tumors that are NOT biopsied *
testicular tumors b/c 1. can potentially seed the scrotum w/ testicular tumor 2. vast majority (>95%) are Germ cell tumors which are mostly malignant
27
Germ Cell Testicular Tumors
Most common type of testicular tumor Usually b/w 45-50 yrs/o Risk Factors: Cryptorchidism and Klinefelter Syndrome Divided into seminoma and nonseminoma
28
Seminoma | malignant tumor of large cells w/ clear cytoplasm and central nuclei
Metastisizes late, responds to radiotherapy, and excellent prognosis
29
Seminoma mass presents as**
Homogenous mass w/ no hemorrhage or necrosis | Good prognosis, responds to radiotherapy
30
Embryonal carcinoma
non seminoma malignant tumor of immature premature cells (primitive, like cells of the embryo) ** tumor can form glands Hemorrhage mass w/ necrosis - aggressive w/ rapid spread Tumor can differentiate due to chemotherapy Increased AFP or BhCG may be present
31
Homogenous mass with no hemorrhage and no necrosis (tumor)
Seminoma
32
Tumor that can form glands
Embryonal carcinoma aggressive, early hematogenous spread Chemo can cause tumor to differentiate/ more mature; ie become a teratoma ***
33
AFP and BhCG inc by
Embryonal CA
34
Most common testicular tumor in a child, consider**
ie in a 5 yr old= Yolk Sac tumor | AFP elevated
35
Syncytiotrophoblast --> **
Beta hCG
36
Leydig cells produce
androgens
37
Leydig cell tumor can lead to
precocious puberty in children or gynecomastia in adults | b/c Leydig cells produce androgens
38
Sertoli cells line
the tubules | tumors are clinically silent
39
Most testicular tumors are between ages
15 and 40 | Germ cell tumor
40
Testicular tumors in males above 60 y/o
bilateral, usually Lymphoma | diffuse large B cell type
41
Syncitiotrophoblasts make
beta HCG ** may lead to hyperthyroidism or gynecomastia b/c the alpha subunit is similar to alpha subunit of TSH, FSH and LH ' whose receps can be activated
42
Tumor mimics placental tissue
Choriocarcinoma malignant tumor of syncitiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts spreads via blood
43
Teratomas are benign in ___ and malignant in ___ **
females males -tumor of mature fetal tissue; derived from 2 or 3 embryonic layers
44
Reinke crystals in **
Leydig cell tumors
45
Prostrate sits below __ and anterior to __
``` bladder rectum (important for prostate exam; can palpate the posterior aspect of prostrate) ```
46
prostrate secretes
alkaline fluid; added to sperm and seminal vesicle fluid
47
Acute prostatitis caused by
C trochamatis + N gonorrhea (young adults) | E coli and Pseudomonas (adults)
48
tender and boggy prostrate; dysuria, fever, chills
Acute prostatitis
49
Dysuria with pelvic or low back pain
Chronic prostatitis

Pathoma (3 decks)

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