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reproduction bvm3 > Male Genital Pathology > Flashcards

Male Genital Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What predominant infection type is seen in male genital inflammatory dz?

A

Ascending

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2
Q

What predominant infection type is seen in non pregnant females?

A

Ascending

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3
Q

What predominant infection type in pregnant females?

A

Haematogenous

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4
Q

What are the main dz of scrotum?

A

Dermatitis

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5
Q

3 examples of scrotal disease

A

Chorioptic mange in rams, frost bite, trauma

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6
Q

What does dermatitis disease in the scrotum cause?

A

Thermoregulatory failures
Testicular degeneration

(due to inflammation -> calor)

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7
Q

What are the 3 neoplasia types seen in the scrotum? And in what animals are they found?

A

Mast Cell Tumours - Dog
Haemangiosarcoma - Dog
Papilloma - Boar

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8
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

Thin layer of mesothelium around testis, continuous with the peritoneum

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9
Q

What is a common cause of inflammation in the testis/epididymis and what granuloma type is formed?

A

Spermatic granuloma, inflammation due to spermatozoa

Break in the blood testis barrier -> foreign body immune response

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10
Q

What is male pseudohermaphroditism?

A

A mismatch between external genitalia and internal gonads

E.g., external female genitalia with internal testes

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11
Q

What is true hermaphroditism?

A

Gonadal tissues of both sexes present

- one testis and one ovary

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12
Q

What are 3 causes of small testis?

A
  1. Cryptorchidism
  2. Testicular hypoplasia
  3. Testicular atrophy/degeneration
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13
Q

What is cryptorchdism?

A

Testis retained between the kidney and inguinal canal

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14
Q

Is cryptorchidism unilateral or bilateral?

A

Unilateral

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15
Q

What causes cryptorchidism?

A

Mainly polygenetic

- can be hormonal or environmental

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16
Q

What do cryptorchid testes look like?

A

Small and fibrotic

Hypoplasia

17
Q

What do you see under microscope with cryptorchid testes?

A

Interstitial collagen deposition

Only a few spermatogonia - thermal suppression of spermatogenesis occurs

18
Q

Is tumour formation risk increased in retained testes?

A

YES (dogs)

19
Q

What causes testicular hypoplasia?

A

Nutrition
Zn deficiency
Genetic, endocrine or cytogenetic abnormalities

20
Q

What do hypoplastic testes look like (gross)?

A

Small but normal consistency

21
Q

When does testicular hypoplasia occur? And when is it observed?

A

Occurs: congenital or pre-puberty
Observed: post puberty when testes start to grow

22
Q

Microscopic appearance of hypoplastic testes

A

Absent or incomplete spermatogenesis with hypoplastic and normal tubules

SEE LECTURE

23
Q

When does testicular atrophy occur?

A

After puberty

24
Q

Causes of testicular atrophy

A 
Increased scrotal temperature
Decreased testicular blood supply
Vitamin A deficiency 
Zn deficiency 
Drug reactions
Radiation damage
Obstruction 
Hyperoestrogenism
25
Q

Is testicular atrophy unilateral or bilateral? And what causes this?

A

BOTH
Unilateral - Local causes
Bilateral - Systemic causes

26
Q

Gross appearance of atrophic testicles

A

Small and firm (similar to hypoplastic)

27
Q

Microscopic appearance of atrophic testes

A

SEE LECTURE

28
Q

3 causes of orchitis (testicular inflammation)

A
  1. Haematogenous
  2. Trauma
  3. Reflux orchitis
29
Q

What disease causes orchitis?

A

Brucella abortus in bulls (haematogenous spread)

30
Q

What is reflux orchitis?

A

Ascending infection from epididymis, prostate, bladder, urethra

31
Q

What is the main cause of epididymitis?

A

Ascending infection

32
Q

What is seen with epididymitis?

A

Enlargement
Abscess
Granuloma formation

33
Q

Is the tail usually affected in epididymitis?

A

No

34
Q

Is epididymitis usually unilateral or bilateral?

A

Unilateral

35
Q

What is a secondary effect on the testes due to epidymitis?

A

Testicular atrophy and degeneration due to increased pressure and heat from the epididymis

36
Q

What are the main bacterial causes of epididymitis?

A

Mixed infections involving coliforms, staphylococci, and streptococci

37
Q

What is a haematogenous infectious cause of epididymitis in ram?

A

Brucella Ovis

NOTIFABLE

38
Q

What is an ascending infectious cause of epididymitis in the ram?

A

Actinobacillus seminis
Histophilus somni
E coli

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