Male Genital Pathology

Question 1

What predominant infection type is seen in male genital inflammatory dz?

Answer 1

Ascending

Question 2

What predominant infection type is seen in non pregnant females?

Answer 2

Ascending

Question 3

What predominant infection type in pregnant females?

Answer 3

Haematogenous

Question 4

What are the main dz of scrotum?

Answer 4

Dermatitis

Question 5

3 examples of scrotal disease

Answer 5

Chorioptic mange in rams, frost bite, trauma

Question 6

What does dermatitis disease in the scrotum cause?

Answer 6

Thermoregulatory failures
Testicular degeneration

(due to inflammation -> calor)

Question 7

What are the 3 neoplasia types seen in the scrotum? And in what animals are they found?

Answer 7

Mast Cell Tumours - Dog
Haemangiosarcoma - Dog
Papilloma - Boar

Question 8

What is the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 8

Thin layer of mesothelium around testis, continuous with the peritoneum

Question 9

What is a common cause of inflammation in the testis/epididymis and what granuloma type is formed?

Answer 9

Spermatic granuloma, inflammation due to spermatozoa

Break in the blood testis barrier -> foreign body immune response

Question 10

What is male pseudohermaphroditism?

Answer 10

A mismatch between external genitalia and internal gonads

E.g., external female genitalia with internal testes

Question 11

What is true hermaphroditism?

Answer 11

Gonadal tissues of both sexes present

- one testis and one ovary

Question 12

What are 3 causes of small testis?

Answer 12

1. Cryptorchidism
2. Testicular hypoplasia
3. Testicular atrophy/degeneration

Question 13

What is cryptorchdism?

Answer 13

Testis retained between the kidney and inguinal canal

Question 14

Is cryptorchidism unilateral or bilateral?

Answer 14

Unilateral

Question 15

What causes cryptorchidism?

Answer 15

Mainly polygenetic

- can be hormonal or environmental

Question 16

What do cryptorchid testes look like?

Answer 16

Small and fibrotic

Hypoplasia

Question 17

What do you see under microscope with cryptorchid testes?

Answer 17

Interstitial collagen deposition

Only a few spermatogonia - thermal suppression of spermatogenesis occurs

Question 18

Is tumour formation risk increased in retained testes?

Answer 18

YES (dogs)

Question 19

What causes testicular hypoplasia?

Answer 19

Nutrition
Zn deficiency
Genetic, endocrine or cytogenetic abnormalities

Question 20

What do hypoplastic testes look like (gross)?

Answer 20

Small but normal consistency

Question 21

When does testicular hypoplasia occur? And when is it observed?

Answer 21

Occurs: congenital or pre-puberty
Observed: post puberty when testes start to grow

Question 22

Microscopic appearance of hypoplastic testes

Answer 22

Absent or incomplete spermatogenesis with hypoplastic and normal tubules

SEE LECTURE

Question 23

When does testicular atrophy occur?

Answer 23

After puberty

Question 24

Causes of testicular atrophy

Answer 24

Increased scrotal temperature
Decreased testicular blood supply
Vitamin A deficiency 
Zn deficiency 
Drug reactions
Radiation damage
Obstruction 
Hyperoestrogenism

Question 25

Is testicular atrophy unilateral or bilateral? And what causes this?

Answer 25

BOTH Unilateral - Local causes Bilateral - Systemic causes

Question 26

Gross appearance of atrophic testicles

Answer 26

Small and firm (similar to hypoplastic)

Question 27

Microscopic appearance of atrophic testes

Answer 27

SEE LECTURE

Question 28

3 causes of orchitis (testicular inflammation)

Answer 28

1. Haematogenous 2. Trauma 3. Reflux orchitis

Question 29

What disease causes orchitis?

Answer 29

Brucella abortus in bulls (haematogenous spread)

Question 30

What is reflux orchitis?

Answer 30

Ascending infection from epididymis, prostate, bladder, urethra

Question 31

What is the main cause of epididymitis?

Answer 31

Ascending infection

Question 32

What is seen with epididymitis?

Answer 32

Enlargement Abscess Granuloma formation

Question 33

Is the tail usually affected in epididymitis?

Answer 33

No

Question 34

Is epididymitis usually unilateral or bilateral?

Answer 34

Unilateral

Question 35

What is a secondary effect on the testes due to epidymitis?

Answer 35

Testicular atrophy and degeneration due to increased pressure and heat from the epididymis

Question 36

What are the main bacterial causes of epididymitis?

Answer 36

Mixed infections involving coliforms, staphylococci, and streptococci

Question 37

What is a haematogenous infectious cause of epididymitis in ram?

Answer 37

Brucella Ovis | NOTIFABLE

Question 38

What is an ascending infectious cause of epididymitis in the ram?

Answer 38

Actinobacillus seminis Histophilus somni E coli