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Gross III Final Exam > Male & Female Urogenital Triangle > Flashcards

Male & Female Urogenital Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the penis and name the 3 main parts.

A

The male copulatory organ

  • Root
  • Body
  • Glans
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2
Q

What does the root of the penis consist of?

A
  • Crura and Bulb of the penis
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3
Q

What is the crura of the penis and what is it continuous with?

A

Bilateral slender masses of erectile tissue

Continuous with Corpora Cavernosa in body of penis

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4
Q

What is the crura surrounded by?

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle

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5
Q

When the ischiocavernosus muscle contracts what happens?

A

Forces blood from crus into corpus cavernosum
Compresses deep dorsal vein of penis
= increased turgidity of penis (erection)

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6
Q

What innervates the ischiocavernosus muscle?

A

Deep Perineal nerve (from pudendal)

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7
Q

What is the bulb of the penis and what is it continuous with?

A

Central large mass of erectile tissue inferior to perineal membrane
Continuous with corpus spongiosum in body of penis

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8
Q

What surround the bulb of the penis?

A

Bulbospongiosum muscle

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9
Q

When the bulbospongiosum muscle contracts what happens?

A

Forces blood from bulb into corpus spongiosum
Compresses deep dorsal vein of penis
= erection
- Aids in emptying residual urine or semen

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10
Q

What innervates bulgospongiosum muscle?

A

Deep Perineal nerve (from pudendal)

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11
Q

What part of the penis is suspended and what suspends it?

A

The Body of the penis is suspended by the suspensory ligament

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12
Q

Does the body of the penis contain muscles?

A

No

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13
Q

What does the body of the penis consist of?

A 
Corpora Cavernosa (2) 
Corpus Spongiosum (1)
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14
Q

What surrounds corpora cavernosa? What is continuous with corpora cavernosa?

A

Tunica albuginea surrounds

Continous with crura

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15
Q

What does corpus spongiosum surround? What is continuous with corpus spongiosum?

A

Surrounds spongy urethra (opens at external urethra orifice)

Continuous with bulb of penis

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16
Q

Which part of the body of the penis extends into the glans?

A

Corpus Spongiosum only

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17
Q

What is the glans of the penis and what does it consist of?

A

Expanded distal end of corpus spongiosum (head of penis)

  • Corona of glans (expanded rim beyond corpora cavernosa)
  • Neck of glans
  • Prepuce
  • Frenulum of prepuce
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18
Q

What is the superficial penile fascia?

A

Thin layer of adipose-free fascial CT adjacent to skin
Provides for mobility of skin on penis
Contains superficial neurovasculature supplying skin

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19
Q

What is the deep penile fascia?

A

Surrounds corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
Deep dorsal neurovasculature enclosed by this fascia
- these penetrate tunica albuginea & supply erectile tissue

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20
Q

Where is the suspensory ligament located?

A

From anterior surface of pubic symphysis to root of penis

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21
Q

What does the suspensory ligament fuse with and what does it anchor?

A

Fuses with deep penile fascia

Anchors erectile bodies of penis to pubic symphysis

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22
Q

What artery supplies most penile tissue?

A

Internal Pudendal Artery

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23
Q

What are the 3 branches of the internal pudendal artery and what do they supply?

A

Dorsal Artery of Penis
- supplies fascial CT & most penile skin
Deep Artery of Penis
- responsible for erection (pierces through crura & through center of corpus cavernosa)
Artery of Bulb
- supplies bulb, corpus spongiosum, and spongy urethra

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24
Q

What artery supplies proximal penile skin?

A

External Pudendal Artery (deep & superficial arteries that branch from femoral artery)

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25
What is the venous drainage from the erectile tissue of the penis?
Deep Dorsal Vein of penis to: - Prostatic Venous Plexus to - Internal Iliac Vein
26
What is the venous drainage from the skin of the penis?
Superficial Dorsal Vein of penis to: - Superficial External Pudendal Vein to - External Iliac Vein
27
Where does the lymph of the penis drain to?
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
28
What two nerves are the main innervation of the penis?
Dorsal nerve of penis | Cavernous nerve
29
What is the dorsal nerve of penis a terminal branch of?
Pudendal nerve
30
What does the dorsal nerve of the penis innervate? What type of fibers?
Sensory innvervation of skin & glans penis
31
What does the cavernous nerve innervate? What type of fibers?
Parasympathetic fibers branching from prostatic plexus innervate deep artery of penis = responsible for erection
32
Explain how an erection happens.
Parasympathetics (S2-S4) pass via Cavernous nerve to Deep artery of penis - causes relaxation of tunica media in deep artery - increases blood flow into corpus spongiosum & corpora cavernosa Bulbospongiosum M and Ischiocavernosus M contract - compresses venous plexus= reduced veinous drainage - erectile tissue=engorged
33
Explain how emission happens.
Sympathetics (L1-L2) cause peristalsis in ductus deferens and accessory glands - sperm delivered to prostatic urethra via ejaculatory duct - seminal vesicles & prostate add fluid to produce semen
34
Explain how ejaculation happens. And what happens after.
Contraction of Bulbospongiosum M expels semen through spongy urethra - Internal urethral sphincter at neck of bladder closes (sympathetic L1-L2) After ejaculation, sympathetics cause constriction of tunica media in Deep Artery - Bulbospongiosum M & Ischiocavernosum M relax - Blood gradually drains out of erectile tissue & penis becomes flaccid
35
What is the female external genitalia referred to as?
Vulva or Pudendum
36
What is the vulva made up of?
- Mons pubis - Labia majora & Labia minora - Clitoris - Vestibule of vagina - Bulb of vestibule - Greater vestibular glands
37
What are the functions of the pudendum?
Sensory & erectile tissue for sexual arousal and intercourse Directs urine flow Prevents entry of foreign material into urogenital tract
38
What is the mons pubis?
Rounded, fatty prominence covered with pubic hair | Amount of fat increases at puberty & decreases after menopause
39
What is Labia Majora?
folds of skin on either side of pudendal cleft covered with pigmented skin, sebaceous glands & coarse hair
40
What are the labia majora connected by?
Anterior & posterior labial commissures
41
What is the labia majora homologues to?
Two halves of scrotal sac
42
What terminates in the labia majora?
Round ligament of uterus
43
What is Labia Minora?
Folds of fat-free hairless skin enclosed in pudendal cleft by labia majora
44
What does the labia minora surround?
Vestibule of vagina
45
What connects labia minora in young women & virgins?
Frenulum of labia minora
46
What is labia minora homologues to?
skin that covers body of penis in males
47
What is the clitoris?
Erectile organ located where labia minor meet anteriorly
48
What does the anterior part of labia minora form?
Prepuce of clitoris
49
What are the 3 parts of the clitoris?
Root Body Glans
50
What is the root of the clitoris comprised of?
2 crura & Bulbospongiosus M
51
What is each crus of the clitoris surrounded by and what is each continuous with?
Surrounded by ischiocavernosus M | Continuous with corpus cavernosum in body of clitoris
52
What passes on either side of the orifice of the vagina?
Bulbospongiosus muscle - originates at perineal body & inserts into clitoris - covers bulb of vestibule & weakly constricts vagina
53
What is the body of the clitoris comprised of?
2 corpora cavernosa
54
What are the functions of the glans of the clitoris?
Functions solely as an organ of sexual arousal | - highly sensitive to tactile stimulation & engorges with blood on arousal
55
What is the vestibule of the vagina?
The space between labia minor where urethra and vagina open externally
56
What is the hymen?
thin fold of mucous membrane covering vaginal orifice - must be perforate at puberty to allow menstrual flow - reduced to few remnants or tags after coitus
57
What is the bulb of the vestibule?
Paired masses of elongated erectile tissue deep to labia minor
58
What is the bulb of the vestibule covered by and what is it continuous with?
Covered by Bulbospongiosus muscle | Continuous with glans of the clitoris
59
What is the bulb of the vestibule homologues with?
Bulb of penis & corpus spongiosum in males
60
What are the vestibular glands?
Round or oval glands on each side of vestibule posterolateral to vagina
61
What are the vestibular glands homologues to?
Bulbourethral glands in males
62
What partly surrounds the vestibular glands & what do these glands secrete?
Partly surrounded by bulbospongiosus muscle & secretes mucous
63
What artery supplies skin & superficial fascia of the vulva?
External Pudendal artery | deep & superficial arteries that branch from femoral a
64
What artery supplies erectile tissue in clitoris?
Internal pudendal artery (via Deep A of clitoris)
65
What is the venous drainage for the vulva?
Internal Pudendal vein drain to | Internal Iliac vein
66
How does the vulva drain lymph?
Superficial inguinal lymphy nodes
67
What three nerves are involved in somatic innervation of the vulva?
Ilioinguinal nerve Genitofemoral nerve Pudendal nerve
68
What does Ilioinguinal nerve form?
Anterior labial nerve
69
What does Genitofemoral nerve innervate?
Anterolateral perineum
70
What does Pudendal nerve terminate as?
Posterior labial nerve (from superficial perineal plexus)
71
What nerve is involved in parasympathetic innervation of the vulva and what does it do?
``` Cavernous nerve (from uterovaginal nerve plexus) - increases vaginal secretion & erection of clitoris ```
72
What is Pudendal N block?
Relieves pain during childbirth by anesthesia to pudendal nerve where it crosses sacrospinous ligament - may be coupled with ilioinguinal nerve block which abolishes sensation from anterior part of perineum
73
What 2 layers make up the superfiial perineal fascia & what are they each continuous with?
Fatty superficial layer continuous with Camper's fascia | Membranous layer continuous with Dartos fascia of penis & scrotum
74
What does the deep perineal (gallaudet) fascia cover?
Ischiocavernosus muscle, bulbospongiosus muscle, & superficial transverse perineal muscle
75
What does the deep perineal (gallaudet) fascia attach to? and what is it continuous with?
- laterally to ischiopubic rami - fuses anteriorly with suspensory ligament - continuous with deep fascia of anterolateral abdominal wall
76
What is the superficial perineal pouch?
potential space between Colle's fascia & perineal membrane that contains external genitalia
77
What are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch in males?
- Crura & bulb of penis, Ischiocavernosus m, bulbospongiosus m - proximal spongy urethra - superficial transverse perineal muscle - deep perineal branches of internal pudendal AV and pudendal N
78
What are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch in females?
- crura of clitoris and ischiocavernosus m - bulb of vestibule and bulbospongiosus m - greater vestibular glands - superficial transverse perineal m - deep perineal branches of internal pudendal AV and pudendal N
79
Where is the deep perineal membrane and where does it open?
- above perineal membrane | - opens superiorly to ischioanal fossae
80
What are the contents of the deep perineal pouch?
- membranous urethra & bulbourethral glands (males) - proximal part of urethra (females) - external urethral sphincter muscle (both genders) - deep transverse perineal m
81
What is the external urethral sphincter muscle innervated by?
Dorsal N of Penis/clitoris
82
What does internal iliac artery branch from?
Common Iliac artery
83
What are the 2 divisions of the internal iliac artery?
Anterior division & posterior division
84
What arteries (main branches) come from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery?
- Umbilical A - Obturator A - Inferior Vesicle (males only) - Uterine A (females only) - Vaginal A (females only - Middle Rectal A - Internal Pudendal A - Inferior Gluteal A
85
What arteries (main branches) come from the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?
- Iliolumbar A - Lateral Sacral A - Superior Gluteal A
86
Where is the umbilical artery located and how does it blood flow work?
- between urinary bladder & lateral wall of pelvis - prenatally- from fetus to placenta - postnatally- atrophies & becomes the medial umbilical ligament distal to superior vesicle artery
87
What branches from umbilical artery?
Superior vesicle A

Gross III Final Exam (2 decks)

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