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Gross III Final Exam > Male & Female Urogenital Triangle > Flashcards

Male & Female Urogenital Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the penis and name the 3 main parts.

A

The male copulatory organ

  • Root
  • Body
  • Glans
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2
Q

What does the root of the penis consist of?

A
  • Crura and Bulb of the penis
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3
Q

What is the crura of the penis and what is it continuous with?

A

Bilateral slender masses of erectile tissue

Continuous with Corpora Cavernosa in body of penis

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4
Q

What is the crura surrounded by?

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle

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5
Q

When the ischiocavernosus muscle contracts what happens?

A

Forces blood from crus into corpus cavernosum
Compresses deep dorsal vein of penis
= increased turgidity of penis (erection)

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6
Q

What innervates the ischiocavernosus muscle?

A

Deep Perineal nerve (from pudendal)

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7
Q

What is the bulb of the penis and what is it continuous with?

A

Central large mass of erectile tissue inferior to perineal membrane
Continuous with corpus spongiosum in body of penis

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8
Q

What surround the bulb of the penis?

A

Bulbospongiosum muscle

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9
Q

When the bulbospongiosum muscle contracts what happens?

A

Forces blood from bulb into corpus spongiosum
Compresses deep dorsal vein of penis
= erection
- Aids in emptying residual urine or semen

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10
Q

What innervates bulgospongiosum muscle?

A

Deep Perineal nerve (from pudendal)

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11
Q

What part of the penis is suspended and what suspends it?

A

The Body of the penis is suspended by the suspensory ligament

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12
Q

Does the body of the penis contain muscles?

A

No

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13
Q

What does the body of the penis consist of?

A 
Corpora Cavernosa (2) 
Corpus Spongiosum (1)
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14
Q

What surrounds corpora cavernosa? What is continuous with corpora cavernosa?

A

Tunica albuginea surrounds

Continous with crura

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15
Q

What does corpus spongiosum surround? What is continuous with corpus spongiosum?

A

Surrounds spongy urethra (opens at external urethra orifice)

Continuous with bulb of penis

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16
Q

Which part of the body of the penis extends into the glans?

A

Corpus Spongiosum only

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17
Q

What is the glans of the penis and what does it consist of?

A

Expanded distal end of corpus spongiosum (head of penis)

  • Corona of glans (expanded rim beyond corpora cavernosa)
  • Neck of glans
  • Prepuce
  • Frenulum of prepuce
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18
Q

What is the superficial penile fascia?

A

Thin layer of adipose-free fascial CT adjacent to skin
Provides for mobility of skin on penis
Contains superficial neurovasculature supplying skin

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19
Q

What is the deep penile fascia?

A

Surrounds corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
Deep dorsal neurovasculature enclosed by this fascia
- these penetrate tunica albuginea & supply erectile tissue

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20
Q

Where is the suspensory ligament located?

A

From anterior surface of pubic symphysis to root of penis

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21
Q

What does the suspensory ligament fuse with and what does it anchor?

A

Fuses with deep penile fascia

Anchors erectile bodies of penis to pubic symphysis

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22
Q

What artery supplies most penile tissue?

A

Internal Pudendal Artery

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23
Q

What are the 3 branches of the internal pudendal artery and what do they supply?

A

Dorsal Artery of Penis
- supplies fascial CT & most penile skin
Deep Artery of Penis
- responsible for erection (pierces through crura & through center of corpus cavernosa)
Artery of Bulb
- supplies bulb, corpus spongiosum, and spongy urethra

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24
Q

What artery supplies proximal penile skin?

A

External Pudendal Artery (deep & superficial arteries that branch from femoral artery)

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25
Q

What is the venous drainage from the erectile tissue of the penis?

A

Deep Dorsal Vein of penis to:

  • Prostatic Venous Plexus to
  • Internal Iliac Vein
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26
Q

What is the venous drainage from the skin of the penis?

A

Superficial Dorsal Vein of penis to:

  • Superficial External Pudendal Vein to
  • External Iliac Vein
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27
Q

Where does the lymph of the penis drain to?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

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28
Q

What two nerves are the main innervation of the penis?

A

Dorsal nerve of penis

Cavernous nerve

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29
Q

What is the dorsal nerve of penis a terminal branch of?

A

Pudendal nerve

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30
Q

What does the dorsal nerve of the penis innervate? What type of fibers?

A

Sensory innvervation of skin & glans penis

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31
Q

What does the cavernous nerve innervate? What type of fibers?

A

Parasympathetic fibers branching from prostatic plexus innervate deep artery of penis
= responsible for erection

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32
Q

Explain how an erection happens.

A

Parasympathetics (S2-S4) pass via Cavernous nerve to Deep artery of penis
- causes relaxation of tunica media in deep artery
- increases blood flow into corpus spongiosum & corpora cavernosa
Bulbospongiosum M and Ischiocavernosus M contract
- compresses venous plexus= reduced veinous drainage
- erectile tissue=engorged

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33
Q

Explain how emission happens.

A

Sympathetics (L1-L2) cause peristalsis in ductus deferens and accessory glands

  • sperm delivered to prostatic urethra via ejaculatory duct
  • seminal vesicles & prostate add fluid to produce semen
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34
Q

Explain how ejaculation happens. And what happens after.

A

Contraction of Bulbospongiosum M expels semen through spongy urethra
- Internal urethral sphincter at neck of bladder closes (sympathetic L1-L2)
After ejaculation, sympathetics cause constriction of tunica media in Deep Artery
- Bulbospongiosum M & Ischiocavernosum M relax
- Blood gradually drains out of erectile tissue & penis becomes flaccid

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35
Q

What is the female external genitalia referred to as?

A

Vulva or Pudendum

36
Q

What is the vulva made up of?

A
  • Mons pubis
  • Labia majora & Labia minora
  • Clitoris
  • Vestibule of vagina
  • Bulb of vestibule
  • Greater vestibular glands
37
Q

What are the functions of the pudendum?

A

Sensory & erectile tissue for sexual arousal and intercourse
Directs urine flow
Prevents entry of foreign material into urogenital tract

38
Q

What is the mons pubis?

A

Rounded, fatty prominence covered with pubic hair

Amount of fat increases at puberty & decreases after menopause

39
Q

What is Labia Majora?

A

folds of skin on either side of pudendal cleft covered with pigmented skin, sebaceous glands & coarse hair

40
Q

What are the labia majora connected by?

A

Anterior & posterior labial commissures

41
Q

What is the labia majora homologues to?

A

Two halves of scrotal sac

42
Q

What terminates in the labia majora?

A

Round ligament of uterus

43
Q

What is Labia Minora?

A

Folds of fat-free hairless skin enclosed in pudendal cleft by labia majora

44
Q

What does the labia minora surround?

A

Vestibule of vagina

45
Q

What connects labia minora in young women & virgins?

A

Frenulum of labia minora

46
Q

What is labia minora homologues to?

A

skin that covers body of penis in males

47
Q

What is the clitoris?

A

Erectile organ located where labia minor meet anteriorly

48
Q

What does the anterior part of labia minora form?

A

Prepuce of clitoris

49
Q

What are the 3 parts of the clitoris?

A

Root
Body
Glans

50
Q

What is the root of the clitoris comprised of?

A

2 crura & Bulbospongiosus M

51
Q

What is each crus of the clitoris surrounded by and what is each continuous with?

A

Surrounded by ischiocavernosus M

Continuous with corpus cavernosum in body of clitoris

52
Q

What passes on either side of the orifice of the vagina?

A

Bulbospongiosus muscle

  • originates at perineal body & inserts into clitoris
  • covers bulb of vestibule & weakly constricts vagina
53
Q

What is the body of the clitoris comprised of?

A

2 corpora cavernosa

54
Q

What are the functions of the glans of the clitoris?

A

Functions solely as an organ of sexual arousal

- highly sensitive to tactile stimulation & engorges with blood on arousal

55
Q

What is the vestibule of the vagina?

A

The space between labia minor where urethra and vagina open externally

56
Q

What is the hymen?

A

thin fold of mucous membrane covering vaginal orifice

  • must be perforate at puberty to allow menstrual flow
  • reduced to few remnants or tags after coitus
57
Q

What is the bulb of the vestibule?

A

Paired masses of elongated erectile tissue deep to labia minor

58
Q

What is the bulb of the vestibule covered by and what is it continuous with?

A

Covered by Bulbospongiosus muscle

Continuous with glans of the clitoris

59
Q

What is the bulb of the vestibule homologues with?

A

Bulb of penis & corpus spongiosum in males

60
Q

What are the vestibular glands?

A

Round or oval glands on each side of vestibule posterolateral to vagina

61
Q

What are the vestibular glands homologues to?

A

Bulbourethral glands in males

62
Q

What partly surrounds the vestibular glands & what do these glands secrete?

A

Partly surrounded by bulbospongiosus muscle & secretes mucous

63
Q

What artery supplies skin & superficial fascia of the vulva?

A

External Pudendal artery

deep & superficial arteries that branch from femoral a

64
Q

What artery supplies erectile tissue in clitoris?

A

Internal pudendal artery (via Deep A of clitoris)

65
Q

What is the venous drainage for the vulva?

A

Internal Pudendal vein drain to

Internal Iliac vein

66
Q

How does the vulva drain lymph?

A

Superficial inguinal lymphy nodes

67
Q

What three nerves are involved in somatic innervation of the vulva?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve
Genitofemoral nerve
Pudendal nerve

68
Q

What does Ilioinguinal nerve form?

A

Anterior labial nerve

69
Q

What does Genitofemoral nerve innervate?

A

Anterolateral perineum

70
Q

What does Pudendal nerve terminate as?

A

Posterior labial nerve (from superficial perineal plexus)

71
Q

What nerve is involved in parasympathetic innervation of the vulva and what does it do?

A 
Cavernous nerve (from uterovaginal nerve plexus)
- increases vaginal secretion & erection of clitoris
72
Q

What is Pudendal N block?

A

Relieves pain during childbirth by anesthesia to pudendal nerve where it crosses sacrospinous ligament
- may be coupled with ilioinguinal nerve block which abolishes sensation from anterior part of perineum

73
Q

What 2 layers make up the superfiial perineal fascia & what are they each continuous with?

A

Fatty superficial layer continuous with Camper’s fascia

Membranous layer continuous with Dartos fascia of penis & scrotum

74
Q

What does the deep perineal (gallaudet) fascia cover?

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle, bulbospongiosus muscle, & superficial transverse perineal muscle

75
Q

What does the deep perineal (gallaudet) fascia attach to? and what is it continuous with?

A
  • laterally to ischiopubic rami
  • fuses anteriorly with suspensory ligament
  • continuous with deep fascia of anterolateral abdominal wall
76
Q

What is the superficial perineal pouch?

A

potential space between Colle’s fascia & perineal membrane that contains external genitalia

77
Q

What are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch in males?

A
  • Crura & bulb of penis, Ischiocavernosus m, bulbospongiosus m
  • proximal spongy urethra
  • superficial transverse perineal muscle
  • deep perineal branches of internal pudendal AV and pudendal N
78
Q

What are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch in females?

A
  • crura of clitoris and ischiocavernosus m
  • bulb of vestibule and bulbospongiosus m
  • greater vestibular glands
  • superficial transverse perineal m
  • deep perineal branches of internal pudendal AV and pudendal N
79
Q

Where is the deep perineal membrane and where does it open?

A
  • above perineal membrane

- opens superiorly to ischioanal fossae

80
Q

What are the contents of the deep perineal pouch?

A
  • membranous urethra & bulbourethral glands (males)
  • proximal part of urethra (females)
  • external urethral sphincter muscle (both genders)
  • deep transverse perineal m
81
Q

What is the external urethral sphincter muscle innervated by?

A

Dorsal N of Penis/clitoris

82
Q

What does internal iliac artery branch from?

A

Common Iliac artery

83
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the internal iliac artery?

A

Anterior division & posterior division

84
Q

What arteries (main branches) come from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery?

A
  • Umbilical A
  • Obturator A
  • Inferior Vesicle (males only)
  • Uterine A (females only)
  • Vaginal A (females only
  • Middle Rectal A
  • Internal Pudendal A
  • Inferior Gluteal A
85
Q

What arteries (main branches) come from the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?

A
  • Iliolumbar A
  • Lateral Sacral A
  • Superior Gluteal A
86
Q

Where is the umbilical artery located and how does it blood flow work?

A
  • between urinary bladder & lateral wall of pelvis
  • prenatally- from fetus to placenta
  • postnatally- atrophies & becomes the medial umbilical ligament distal to superior vesicle artery
87
Q

What branches from umbilical artery?

A

Superior vesicle A

Gross III Final Exam (2 decks)

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